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1、选校网 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库被动语态的用法英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事 物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。A greater number of magic English books will be published
2、 next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。B. 强调动作的承受者If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。 （强调 you）A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。 （强调 a new Hope School）She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。Xiao Li
3、 was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长。C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。 We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。D. 修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称He appeared on the stage and was warmly applaude
4、d by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的 热烈鼓掌。The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一个有关 美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩 带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己Youve been tol
5、d many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可，勿入控制室。F. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shade
6、s and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。G. 新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nations west development campaign. 西气东输工程 7 月 4 日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。H有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。The school is situated in
7、 the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。注意：被动语态中的 by 短语通常可以省去。但如果 by 短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有 by 短语全句的意思不完整时， 则要保留 by 短语。The vegetables didnt taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时间太长 了。 （不需要动作的执行者）He arrived at the airport, where he was met by his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。 （没有 by his friend，句子的意思不完整）Every
8、body was cast down by such news as that. 大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。 （需要 by 短语）第二章 被动语态（二） 三、主动语态变被动语态中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。中国人常这样说：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。英美人常这样说：You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也 各不相同。A. 主语 + 谓语 +
9、宾语“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。 In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。 n In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接
10、宾语在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将 指物的间接宾语转化成主语：We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。- Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。- He was bought a computer by his
11、father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如 to, for, of 等)，以加强间接宾语 的语气。They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。- The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了
12、一些鱼。 n Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。 （for 不可省）n C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之 变为主语补足语：All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。 - The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。They kept us waitin
13、g for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是城里最好的医生。注意：有些使役动词和感官动词,如 make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to 等，在主动结构中跟不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构
14、时，不定式应加上 to。We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。 n He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。n D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。情态动词cancould maymightmusthavehad towillwouldshallshouldought to主动形式cancould domaymight domust dohavehad to dowillwould d
15、oshallshould doought to do被动形式cancould be donemaymight be donemust be donehavehad to be donewillwould be doneshallshould be done ought to be doneThe machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。Such a sentence ought not to be used here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。Whats done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。People had to be
16、 reminded of the danger that night. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句含有“be going to do 和 be to do 等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to + be done”和 “be to + be done”。在这两种结构中，be 只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。F含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用 it 来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。They said that
