英语写作基础考核知识点分析与解题思路

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1、英语写作基础考核知识点分析与解题思路近几年的英语写作基础试卷在考查内容和试题类型上改动不大,保持了命题的连贯性。考查内容包括三大部分:句子的组成、段落的写作、应用文写作。题型有重写句子、改写病句、识别主题句、重新组合段落、识别与段落内容无关的句子、写信六种。本文将按题型顺序对 2000 年试题的考核知识点与解题思路进行分析和探讨,同时,也将对考生答题中的典型错误作一剖析,希望能有益于准备参加今年考试的同学。 第一大题 重写句子(本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the

2、 requirement.一,考核知识点:考查 loose sentence 与 periodic sentence 之间的转换。试题:2. I felt like taking a walk after watching the sunset. (periodic sentence)3. While they were waiting in line for the concert tickets, the rain stopped. (loose sentence)答案:2. After watching the sunset, I felt like taking a walk.3. T

3、he rain stopped while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets.解题关键:(1) 明确两种句型的特点:就语义结构而论,periodic sentence(掉尾句)中主要信息在后,次要信息在前,使句子的重心置于句尾,旨在造成悬念,引人入胜;而 loose sentence(松散句)则正相反,将句义重心放在句首,使主要信息一目了然。就语法结构而言,periodic sentence(掉尾句)将句子成分中的修饰部分放在主要成分(一般为主谓结构)之前;而 loose sentence(松散句)则反之。(2) 第二题原句主要

4、信息为 I felt like taking a walk,放在次要信息 After watching the sunset 之前,原句是 loose sentence(松散句),变换句型只要将主次信息换位即可。第三题原句的主要信息为 the rain stopped,次要信息为 while they were waiting in line for the concert tickets,原句是 periodic sentence(掉尾句),变换成 loose sentence(松散句),需主次信息换位。二,考核知识点:考查将两个独立短句合并成一个 simple sentence的能力。试题

5、:5. The letter is from my foreign friend. The letter arrived today. (simple sentence)9. My roommate was waiting for me at the door. He had a book in his hand. (simple sentence)答案:5. The letter from my foreign friend arrived today.9. My roommate with a book in his hand was waiting for me at the door.

6、试题:4. The tape recorder was not working right, so I returned it to the store. (complex sentence)答案:4. Because the tape recorder was not working right, I returned it to the store.解题关键:(1) 了解 complex sentence(复合句)的构成:complex sentence(复合句)包含一个主句及一个或多个从句。从句分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。(2) 第 4 题原句是 compound sent

7、ence(并列句),两个分句为因果关系,要把 compound sentence(并列句)重写成 complex sentence(复合句)时,只需将第一个分句改为由从属连接词 because 引导的原因状语从句即可。考生典型答题错误分析(错误)I returned the tape recorder to the store, for it was not working right.(分析)for 虽然也可引导表示原因的分句,但它是并列连接词,用在 compound sentence(并列句)中,这点与 because、as、since 等引导原因状语从句的从属连接词不同。五,考核知识点:

8、考查对 compound-complex sentence 的掌握和运用。试题:7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a weeks notice. I am very busy this month. (compound-complex sentence)答案:7. If you want me to clean your windows, please give me a weeks notice, for I am very busy this month.解题关键:(1) 了解 compound-complex

9、sentence(并列复合句)的构成:顾名思义,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)是由复合句并列而形成的。具体地说,compound-complex sentence(并列复合句)可以是一个简单句与一个主从复合句用并列连接词连接起来的,也可以是两个主从复合句的并列。(2) 第 7 题原句中的第一个句子是含有条件状语从句的主从复合句,第一句与第二句是前因后果的关系,将两句话用并列连接词 for 连接起来,即可合并为一个 compound - complex sentence(并列复合句)。考生典型答题错误分析(错误)Please give me a weeks no

10、tice if you want me to clean your windows, because I am very busy this month.(分析)此句仍是 complex sentence(复合句),因为 because 为从属连接词。在表示原因的连接词中,只有 for 是并列连接词,用于连接两个具有并列关系的分句。阅卷中发现,相当多的考生没有掌握好连接词 for 的用法。六,考核知识点:考查对 parallel structure 概念的掌握和运用试题:8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play. She went out for dinner

11、. She arrived at the theater by 8:00. (parallel structure)答案:8. Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, and arrived at the theater by 8:00.解题关键:(1) 明确 parallel structure(平行结构)的特点:parallel structure(平行结构)是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等的语法形式表示出来。平行的结构可以是单词、词组、从句,也可以是句子。(2) 第 8 题原有的三个短句中,主语均为 Minn

12、ie,谓语动词 bought、went out、及 arrived 是意思并列的成分,可以成为平行结构。考生典型答题错误分析(错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, arrived at the theater by 8:00,and went out for dinner.(分析)Minnie 买票、外出吃饭、到达剧院是按照时间顺序先后发生的,次序不能随意更改。(错误)Minnie bought a ticket to the play, went out for dinner, then arrived at the theater by 8:00.(

13、分析)then 不是并列连接词,不能取代 and.上一讲,我们对第一种题型“重写句子”的考核知识点与解题思路进行了分析和探讨,并对考生答题中的典型错误作了剖析。本讲我们将研究第二种题型“改写病句”,病句中的一些语病在中国学生的英文写作中十分常见,值得认真推敲。第二大题 改写病句(本大题共 5 小题,每小题 3 分,共 15 分)Correct the errors in the following sentences一, 考核知识点:考查对连接词(joining word)使用错误的识别与修正。试题:11. Your sales are up, therefore, your bonus is

14、 forthcoming.答案:11. Your sales are up; therefore, your bonus is forthcoming.解题关键:(1) 连接词(joining word)可分为连词(如:and, but, for, so, because, although, since 等)和连接性副词(如:therefore, consequently, accordingly, moreover, furthermore, otherwise, likewise, however, nevertheless 等)。连词和连接性副词在用法上有很多相似之处,但也有不同点。(

15、2) 连词和连接性副词在连接两个分句时,前后使用的标点符号不同:连词之前常用逗号(,),之后通常不用标点;而连接性副词之前要求用分号(;)或句号(。),之后常用逗号(,)。(3) 该句最简便的修正方法是将连接性副词 therefore 前的逗号(,)改为分号(;)。另外也可改为:Your sales are up. Therefore, your bonus is forthcoming. “评分标准”中规定:“与标准答案不一致,但句子结构正确,表意准确,也得满分。否则,酌情给分或不得分。”考生典型答题错误分析:(错误)If your sales are up, your bonus will

16、 be forthcoming(分析)原句中的两个分句之间是因果关系,而不是假设关系。(错误)Your bonus is forthcoming, therefore, your sales are up.(分析)有些考生识别不出病句结构上的错误,就以为句义有误,对两个分句的因果关系作了调整。值得注意的是,写作基础试卷改写病句一题中的病句通常错在结构上,而不是语义上。二, 考核知识点:考查对破句(fragmentary sentence)的识别和修正。试题:12. People worked together on the assembly line. Moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make as much money as possible.答案:12. People worked together on the assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently. They wanted to make s much money

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