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1、1Unit 6 第六单元Karoshi 过劳死You might be of the opinion that a little hard work never hurt anyone, but this old saying 你可能会认为有点努力工作不会伤害任何人,但这个老说is wearing thin. Tokyo interiors fitter Nobuo Miuro, quite literally, died in his work boots 穿着瘦。东京的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感钳工 Nobuo Miuro 照字面上,死于他的工作的靴 子in the middle of a
2、17-hour shift: a Japanese doctor returned a verdict of death by overwork. 这场当中的改变:日本医生裁定死于加班。Its a phenomenon that has become so common in Japan (where a typical office worker can 那是一种现象,已经非常普遍在日本(在一个典型的办公室工人可以leave home at 7am, only getting back after 11pm) that they even have their own word for it
3、: 早上 7 点离开家,只在晚上 11 点后打回到,他们甚至还有自己的的话:2“karoshi“. “过劳死” 。Karoshi has yet to make it as a buzzword in current British usage, but thats not to say 还没有过劳死,在当前的热门话题,而英国的用法,但这并不是说that long hours and work-related stress arent taking their toll on us here. Self-reported 那么长时间和工作压力不重要,我们这里的代价。自报的health prob
4、lems in the past 12 months by people in the UK working 48 hours or more have 健康问题,在过去的 12 个月,英国人在 48 小时内工作included mental exhaustion (54 %), difficulty sleeping (43 %) and range from chronic 包括精神的疲惫(5400 %),入睡困难(43 %)年龄从慢性headaches and irritable bowel trouble to ulcers and drug or alcohol problems.
5、头痛和肠易激麻烦去溃疡和吸毒或喝酒的问题。3The weird thing is that not all of this chaos is brought about because we work for mean 奇怪的是,不是所有这些带来混乱,因为我们工作的意思bosses, keen to keep us working even on Christmas day. 老板,想把我们的工作更圣诞节。Deborah is the marketing director of a major fashion outlet. She regularly burns the 黛博拉是营销总监的一
6、个主要时尚的电源插座上。她经常会midnight oil but has few regrets. “I did begin to worry a bit when they moved the chocolate 并没有太多的遗憾开夜车。 “我做了开始有点担心当他们把巧克力vending machine right outside my office door. Apparently I get through more chocolate bars 自动售货机就在外面我的办公室的门。显然我抓住更多的巧克力in one week than the entire second floor ge
7、t through in a month. But other than not having a 比在一个星期内度过整个三楼的在一个月。但是除了没有4particularly healthy diet and probably drinking more coffee than is good for me, I really 尤其是健康的饮食和可能喝的咖啡而非对我也有好处,我真的love my job.“ 热爱我的工作。 ”But theres another reason Deborah says she works so hard. “Most offices are still a
8、little 但在底波拉的另一个原因就是说她工作很努力。 “大多数办公室还是有点dominated by males,“ she says. “Being a woman, I feel that I have to work even harder than 男性主导的,”她说。 “作为一个女人,我觉得我有更加努力地工作the men if I want to be taken seriously.“ Deborah believes that for women to succeed in the 男人如果我想受到重视。 ”黛博拉认为成功的女性workplace they have to
9、shoulder more than their fair share of the workload, but shes 他们会承担工作比他们相同的工作量,但她的5adamant that her efforts are being rewarded. 坚信她的努力正在给予奖励。“In recognition of my hard work I was given a new Alfa Romeo as my company car and they re “教授,以表扬他们在我的努力工作他给我一个新的阿尔发罗密欧作为公司车,它们是talking about giving me a post
10、ing in Italy next year.“ Lucky Deborah! Italians, according to 谈论让我张贴在意大利明年。 ”幸运的底波拉!根据意大利人,the Trades Union Congress, only work an average of 38.5 hours every week. 英国工会联盟平均工作的,只有们只有 38.5 小时每星期。The Culture of “Lead Time “领先的文化来,Advance notice is often referred to in America as “lead time,“ an expre
11、ssion which is 通知在美国常被称为“交货期,”表示的6significant in a culture where schedules are important. While it is learned informally, most 重要的意义,在一种文化,在时间表是很重要的。而据了解非正式地,最多of us are familiar with how it works in our own culture, even though we cannot state the 我们都很熟悉如何操作,在自己的文化中,虽然我们不能说的rules technically. The r
12、ules for lead time in other cultures, however, have rarely been 规则技术上。交货时间的规则在其他一些文化中,然而,人们很少analyzed. At the most they are known by experience to those who lived abroad for some time. 分析。在最他们广为人知的经验,那些在国外住了一段时间。Yet think how important it is to know how much time is required to prepare people, or fo
13、r 然而认为是多么的重要,知道有多少时间是要准备的人,或者them to prepare themselves, for things to come. Sometimes lead time would seem to be very 他们准备自己,因为事情。有时他们会时间会显得很7extended. At other times, in the Middle East, any period longer than a week may be too long. 延长。在其他时候,在中东,任何一段时间超过星期可能太长了。How troublesome differing ways of h
14、andling time can be is well illustrated by the case of an 不同处理方式多大的麻烦时间可以有精美的插图的具体俺American agriculturalist assigned to duty as an attache of our embassy in a Latin country. 美国 agriculturalist 指定责任作为一种封装在拉丁美国大使馆的国家。After what seemed to him a suitable period he let it be known that he would like to c
15、all on 在经过似乎一个合理的时间内他让大家知道他想叫the minister who was his counterpart. For various reasons, the suggested time was not 这位部长谁是他的配偶。由于种种原因,提出的时间suitable; all sorts of cues came back to the effect that the time was not yet ripe to visit 合适的,各种线索回到效果当时时机未成熟去看望他的祖父8the minister. Our friend, however, persiste
16、d and forced an appointment, which was 部长。我们的朋友,然而,坚持并迫使预约,这是reluctantly granted. Arriving a little before the hour (the American respect pattern), he 不情愿地同意。到了小之前到达(美国尊重图案),他waited. The hour came and passed; five minutesten minutesfifteen minutes. At this point 等待。时候到了,并通过;5 minutes-ten minutes-fifteen 分钟。在这一点上he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the 他建议对秘书说的也许部长却不知道他是等在outer office. This gave him the feeling he had done something concr
