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1、智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福听力TPO20原文 Lecture 3-智课教育旗下智课教育下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO20原文中Lecture 3 的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时， 大家也可以登录智课教育论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福 听力的同学带来帮助。 TPO20 Lecture3 Literature Professor：All right, so now weve talked about folk legends and seen that their . one of their key features is the
2、res usually some real history behind them. They are often about real people, so you can identify with the characters, and thats what engages us in them. The particular stories might not be true and some of the characters or events might be made up. But theres still a sense that the story could have
3、been true since it is about a real person. Thats distinct contrast from the other main branch of popular storytelling, which is folk tales. Folk tales are imaginative stories that . um . like folk legends, they have been passed down orally, from storyteller to storyteller for . since ancient times.
4、But with folk tales you dont ever really get the sense that the story might have been true. They are purely imaginative and so quite revealing, I think anyway, about the culture and the connection between folk tales and culture, which well talk about. But first lets go over the various types of folk
5、 tale and focus specifically on Norwegian folk tales since they illustrate the variety pretty well. There are in general three main types of Norwegian folk tales. One is animal stories, where animals are the main characters. They can be wild animals or domestic, and a lot of times they can talk and
6、behave like humans, but at the same time, they retain their animal characteristics too. They tend to involve animals like bears, wolves and foxes. The point of these stories, their, their internal objectives, so the speak, isusually to explain some feature of the animal, how it arose. So theres one
7、about a fox who fools a bear into going ice fishing with his tail. When the bear puts his tail into the water through a hole in the ice, to try and catch a fish, the ice freezes around it, and he ends up pulling his tail off. So thats why bears to this day have such short tails. The second category
8、of Norwegian folk tale is the supernatural. Eh . stories about giants and dragons and trolls, and humans with supernatural powers or gifts, like invisibility cloaks. Or where people are turned into animals and back again into a person, those are called transformation stories. Theres a well-known Nor
9、wegian supernatural folk tale, a transformation story called East of the Sun and West of the Moon, which well read. It involves a prince who is a white bear by night and a human by day. And he lives in the castle thats east of the Sun and west of the Moon, which the heroine in the story has to try t
10、o find. Besides being a good example of a transformation story, this one also has a lot of the common things that tend to show up in folk tales. You will find the standard opening, once upon a time . . And it has stock characters like a prince, and a poor but beautiful peasant girl, she is the heroi
11、ne I mentioned. And . um . it has a very conventional form. So no more than two characters are involved in any one scene. And it has a happy ending. And its . the story is presented as though . well, even though a lot of the actions that occurred are pretty fantastic, so youd never think of it as re
12、alistic. The characters still act like . they resemble real people. They are not real or even based on historical figures. But you might have a supernatural story involving a king, and hed act like youd expect a Norwegian king to act. OK. The third main kind of folk tale is the comical story. Well s
13、ay more later about these, but for now, just be aware of the category and that they can contain supernatural aspects, but they are usually moreplayful and amusing overall than supernatural stories. Now, as I said, traditionally, folk tales were just passed down orally. Each generation of storyteller
14、s had their own style of telling a story. But . um . in Norway, before the 19th century, folk tales were just for kids. They werent seen as worthy of analysis or academic attention. But this changed when the romantic movement spread throughout Europe in the mid-19th century. Romantics looked at folk
15、 tales as sort of a reflection of the soul of the people. So there was something distinctly Norwegian in folk tales from Norway. And there was renewed pride in the literature and art forms of individual countries. As a result, the first collection of Norwegian folk tales is published in 1852. And th
16、ere have been many new editions published since then. For the people of Norway, these stories are now an important part of what it means to be Norwegian.教授：好的，我们讨论了民间传奇的本质，以及民间传说的主要特 征，即每一个传奇的背后，都有一个真实的故事作为背景。传奇往往都 是关于真人真事的，所以，我们可以发现它们，这是我们痴迷于传奇的 原因之一。某些故事可能不是真的，人物角色或经历可能是编造的，但 它依然带给我们真实感，因为它毕竟是关于真实存在的人物的。这是它 与其他民间流传的叙事比如传说迥异的地方。民间传说是幻想 的故事与传奇相似的是，它也是口耳相传的，自古至今，它从一代讲说 它的人口中传递给另外一代。但是，民间传说身上体现不出来任何真实 性;它们是纯粹的幻想，这非常吸引人。总之，我想我们应该要讨论它与 民间传奇之间的关系。但在
