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1、外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料1专四英语语法考点串讲之一专四英语语法考点串讲之一 虚拟语气虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意( (十考点及两备考点）十考点及两备考点）考点考点 1.1. 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用 did(be 用 were)， 主句谓语动词 would(should,could,might)+do；考点考点 2.2. 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用 had done， 主句谓语动词用 would(should,could,might)+ have done； 例如： 43.I _the party
2、much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying 49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt考点考点 3.3.与
3、将来事实相反，与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do 或 were + to do)， 主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。 例如： 43. If your car _ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08 年） A. shall need C. would need B. should need D. will need考点考点 4.4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段时态的交叉现象，也就是主
4、句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如： If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。考点考点 5.5.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 if if 可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将可以省略，但从句的语序要用到装，即将 were,hadwere,had 或或 shouldshould 移至主移至主语的前面形成倒装，但否定词语的前面形成倒装，但否定词 notnot 不前移。不前移。 例如：65._, he would not have recovered so quickly.（05 年）A. H
5、adnt he been taken good care of 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料2B. Had he not been taken good care of C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of考点考点 6.6. insist(insist(一个坚持）一个坚持） ；orderorder command(command(两道命令）两道命令） ；suggestsuggest， advise,advise, proposepropose（三条（三条建议）建议） ；ask
6、,ask, require,require, request,request, demand(demand(四点要求）四点要求） 及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：及相应的名词的从句，谓语要使用：should+should+动词原形或动词原形动词原形或动词原形例如：58. It was recommended that passengers _ smoke during the flight.(04 年)A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not 考点考点 7.It7.It is is +advisable,+advisable, essential
7、essential important,important, imperative,imperative, incredible,incredible,等等相关的从句，等等相关的从句，谓语要使用：谓语要使用：should+should+动词原形或动词原形动词原形或动词原形例如：46.It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time.（04 年）A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in 考点考点 8.it8.it is is high(about)hi
8、gh(about) timetime thatthat 的结构中，从句使用一般过去式的结构中，从句使用一般过去式例如例如:54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.（06 年）A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点考点 9.much9.much asas 尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用尽管，虽然，引导让步状语从句，从句中用 wouldwould havehave donedone 表示假设表示假设，可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。可以是说话人的语气变得十分委婉，真诚。
9、例如：例如：52. Much as _, I couldnt lend him the money because I simply didnt have that much spare cash.（99 年）A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have 外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料3C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to考点考点 10.10. if if onlyonly 表示要是表示要是就好了相当就好了相当 与与 wish,wish, asas if/asif/as though
10、though 的用法。的用法。与现在事实相反：动词过去式与现在事实相反：动词过去式与过去事实相反与过去事实相反: : hadhad + + donedone与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反： could/wouldcould/would + + dodo 例如：例如：52. If only I _play the guitar as well as you! （06 年）A would B could C should D might备考备考 1. would rather 或或 would sooner 后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式后跟宾语从句，从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成
11、式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟，表示“宁愿某人作某事宁愿某人作某事”例如：例如：The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work 备考备考 2.用于用于 lest,for fear that 引导的状语从句。在引导的状语从句。在 lest, for fear that 等引导的状语从句中，等引导的状语从句中，通常用通常用“(should +)原形动词原形动词“这一虚
12、拟语气形式这一虚拟语气形式 例如：例如：The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _ himself. A.injure B.had injured C.injured D.would injure 专四语法考点串讲之二专四语法考点串讲之二 情态动词情态动词考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式 （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法 1.1. mustmust havehave v-edv-edmust have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。其否定形式为：ca
13、nt / couldnt have v- ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 例如：外院英语专业四级语法串讲 内部资料4Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last night.2.2. couldcould havehave v-edv-ed 表示推测过去某动作表示推测过去某动作“ “很可能很可能” ”发生了发生了3.3. maymay / / mightmight havehave v-edv-ed 表示推测过去某事表示推测过去某事“ “也许也许” ”发生发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。
14、4.ought4.ought toto / / shouldshould havehave v-edv-ed 和和 oughtought notnot toto / / shouldntshouldnt havehave v-edv-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、 “不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”表示应完成而未完成的动作用于 完成时中的否定句，表示不应完成但已做的动作5.neednt5.neednt havehave v-edv-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为意为“ “本没必要本没必要”。例如：You neednt have
15、waken me up; I dont have to go to work today.注意：注意：diddid notnot needneed toto dodo 动作并没发生动作并没发生例：I didnt need to get up early,so I got up until 9 a.m.* *特殊用法特殊用法 (1) cant 表示“不可能”， may not 表示“不可以”， mustnt(must not) 表示“不许可 禁止”， neednt (need not) 表示“不必”，dare not 动词原形 表示“不敢” (2) must 表推测 的否定现在式用 cant ,过去式用 couldnt (3)May I / we ？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为 Yes, please.或 Certainly；否定回答为 P
