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1、1Nicotine 尼古丁；烟碱2Cultivar 培育植物；栽培育种3Variety 种类；多样4Brightleaf tobacco 浅色烤烟5Maryland 马里兰烟 6Burley tobacco 白肋烟7Oriental tobacco 香料烟8Air-cured tobacco 晾烟9Fire-cured tobacco 明火烤烟10Flue-cured tobacco 烤烟11Sun-cured tobacco 晒烟12Chewing tobacco 嚼烟13Cigar 雪茄14Cigarette 香烟；纸烟15Snuffing tobacco 鼻烟16Nitrogen 氮17
2、Phosphorus 磷18Potassium 钾19Calcium 钙20Magnesium 镁21Sulphur 硫22Iron 铁23Chloride 氯24Manganese 锰25Boron 硼26Zinc 锌27Macro-element 大量元素28Micro-element 微量元素29Deficiency sympto 缺素症状30Basal fertilizer 基肥；底肥31Top dressing fertilizer 追肥32Topping and sucking 打顶抹杈33Vegetative 营养生长的34Reproductive 生殖的；再生的35Sucker
3、 烟杈36Stalk 茎、秆37Row and hill spacing 株行距38Ripen 使成熟39Maturity 成熟40Moisture content 水分含量41Starch 淀粉42Pigment 色素43Mineral 无机物；矿物44Brown Sport 褐斑病；赤星病45Nematode 线虫；线虫类46Budworm 食心虫 47tobacco budworm 烟青虫48curing 调制49Flue-curing process 烘烤工艺50Stem 烟梗51Curing barn 烤房52Chlorophyll 叶绿素53Relative humidity 相对
4、湿度54Dark air-cured tobacco 深色晾烟55Redrying 复烤56Whole leaf threshing 全叶打叶57Strip 去梗叶片58aging 陈化59fermentation 发酵60Total nitrogen 总氮61Water-soluble nitrogen 水溶性氮62Natural aging 自然陈化63Forced aging 人工陈化64Blended cigarette 混合型卷烟65Filter 过滤嘴66Cellulose acetate 醋酸纤维67Shred 烟丝68Reconstituted tobacco sheet 再生
5、烟草薄片69Flavoring 香料70Filling power 填充力71Tar 焦油72Aroma 芳香；香气73Wrapper 包装纸，盘纸74Mouthpiece 烟嘴75Charcoal 活性炭76Casing 加料77Reoder 使回潮78Flavoring 加香1、In China, burley is produced in a five province belt with about 70% produced in Hubei. Sichuan and Chongqing produced about 20% with smaller amounts produced
6、in Henan and Yunnan provinces.在中国，白肋烟草主要由国内的五个省进行加工生产，其中，白肋烟草产量的 70%来源于湖北，20%来源于重庆与四川，其它少量的则是出产于河南与云南。2、明火烤烟是一种有冲劲的烟草品种，多使用作管烟、香烟、嚼烟、鼻烟和烈性雪茄的调料。Fire-cured tobacco is a robust variety of tobacco used as a condiment for pipe blends, cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff and strong-tasting cigars.3、The ov
7、erall purpose of a fertilization program for flue-cured tobacco is to provide enough of the different kinds of nutrients, in the most effective form, at the most desirable time and place, and at the lowest cost so that the crop will produce the highest yield and quality. The achievement of this obje
8、ctive requires both maintenance and often soil building levels of nutrient application.总体的烤烟施肥方案的目标是为烤烟叶提供足量的不同类型营养物质，以最佳的形式在所期望的时间内以最低的成本达到作物的最高盛产和最佳质量。要达到这一预期目标则需要对土壤进行保养以及长时间的培肥土壤营养水平的技术。4、However, a total fertilizer program for tobacco is more involved than simply obtaining a soil analysis and t
9、hen adding enough nutrients to bring the total supply in the soil up to the quantity expected to be removed by the crop.但是，对于烟草总的施肥程序不简单的是获得土壤数据分析在施入足够的营养物质已达到预期的目标从而使得新的作物进行耕作。5、The time when nutrients are absorbed should also be considered in developing a fertilizer program. Approximately 50% of t
10、he total nitrogen and 40 to 50% of the total potassium were absorbed by the fifth to sixth week after transplanting and less than 10% was absorbed during the last few weeks of the 13 weeks growth period.在施肥的过程中营养物质的吸收需要引起极高的重视。在从培养基移植后的第五周和第六周内营养物中的总氮量和总钾量大约被吸收了 50%以及 40%到 50%，余下的 10%将会在 13 个成长周内被余下
11、的时间所吸收。6、The accumulation of nicotine（an alkaloid）,which is synthesized in tobacco roots, that is regulated more by the nitrogen supply than by any other nutrient, since nitrogen is a part of the nicotine molecule.尼古丁(一种生物碱)的积累，是在烟草根内合成的，它受氮素供应的影响比受到其它养分的影响更强，这是由于氮元素是尼古丁分子的一种组成元素。7、与未打顶的烟株相比，即打顶又抹杈的
12、烟株产量增加较只打顶而不抹杈的烟株大。The yield increase is much greater for topping plus suckering than for topping and not suckering when compared to the not topped plant.8、Under normal condition flue-cured tobacco ripens at the rate of about 2 to 4 leaves per week, thus the normal harvest rate has been from 2 to 4
13、leaves per plant per week for a period of 5 to 7 weeks. Generally 6 to 8 pickings are attempted to harvest a tobacco plant with a leaf population of around 22 to 24.通常情况下烤烟的成熟期是每周 2 至 4 片叶子，因此，每周成熟 2至 4 片叶子的收获期通常为 5 到 7 周。一般为 6 到 8 周的收获期都则是用来收获 22 片叶子与 24 片叶子的植物。9、Many factors can influence the matu
14、rity and harvest rate. For example, certain diseases such as root knot nematodes or brown spot, or excessive soil moisture which causes damage, or failure to top the plants, or heavy sucker growth can increase the maturity rate substantially.许多因素将会影响作物的成熟率和收获率，比如说几种明显的疾病如根结线虫或者是褐斑病，或者土壤水分过多都会造成毁灭性的影
15、响。或者营养物质未能输送至植物的顶部，或者主茎杆生长将会使得成熟率的速度大增。10、There are two major objectives in curing flue-cured tobacco. One of them is to provide temperature and humidity conditions which will encourage certain desirable chemical and biological changes to take place, while using minimum quantities of fuel. 在烤烟调制过程中有
16、两个主要目标.一个是提供合适的温度和湿度条件,这些条件会促进一些人们希望发生的化学和生物反应发生,并且消耗最少的燃料.11、Another objective is to preserve the leaf by timely drying to retain the potential quality. Curing is more than drying the leaf. It involves chemical and physical changes which are necessary for high quality tobacco suitable for manufacturer and consumer acceptance.另一个目标是维持叶片及时干燥来保持潜在的质量.调制不仅仅是只干燥叶片.它还包括了各种有利于高质量加工和消费者
