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1、中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of theUnited States by applying new social research findings on theexperiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migrationbecomes the organizing principle for rewriting t
2、he history ofpreindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separatepropositions.The first of these asserts that residents of early modern Englandmoved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New Worldwas simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the coloniesheld little po
3、sitive attraction for the English they would ratherhave stayed home by the eighteenth century people increasinglymigrated to America because they regarded it as the land of Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua: si ling ling liu
4、 liu ba liu jiuqi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi opportunity.Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used toflourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical NewWorld community. For example, the economic and demographic characterof early New Engla
5、nd towns varied considerably.Bailyns third proposition suggest two general patternsprevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came asindentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly,Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were thedriving forces of
6、transatlantic migration. These 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people whocame to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilledlaborers were recruited; by the 1730s, however, American employersdemanded skilled artisans.Finally, Bailyn argues
7、that the colonies were a half-civilizedhinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correctto insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire.But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery,as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture
8、. It istrue, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies nevermatched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England,where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguisheduniversity, and published books? Bailyn might respond that NewEngland was exceptional. However, t
9、he ideas and institutionsdeveloped by New England Puritans had powerful effects on NorthAmerican culture.Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousandsof indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, hefails to link their experience with the political development of
10、 theUnited States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we mightmake such a connection. These indentured servants were treated asslaves for the period during which they had sold their time to Americanemployers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their timethey passed up good wag
11、es in the cities and headed west to ensure 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west thata peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists whowere suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.1. Which of the following statements abou
12、t migrants to colonialNorth America is supported by information in the text?A A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America cameas indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiringland.B Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants weremore successful at making
13、a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.C Migrants to colonial North America were more successful atacquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than duringthe seventeenth century.D By the 1730s, migrants already skilled in a trade were inmore demand by American employers than were uns
14、killed laborers.2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed toA give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and politicalinterdependence of the colonies and England.B describe carefully how migrants of different ethnicbackgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.C take advantage of
15、social research on the experiences ofcolonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically toacquire land.D relate the experience of the migrants to the political 中国考博辅导首选学校中国考博辅导首选学校that eventually shaped the character of the United States.3. Which of the following best summarizes the autho
16、rsevaluation of Bailyns fourth proposition?A It is totally implausible.B It is partially acceptable.C It is highly admirable.D It is controversial though persuasive.4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on whichof the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?A High culture in New
