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1、1同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词 that 引导，常常跟在 fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief 等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如：They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。1、从先行词来看 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是主语be表语的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：They were delighted at the new
2、s that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。2、从引导词来看引导词 that 在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that 不可省略；that 在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分-主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时还可以省略。试比较：The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that 在从句中作宾语，所以此句是宾语从句) The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.
3、他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that 只起连接从句的作用，所以此句是同谓语从句)同位语从句讲解及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether，what, which, who, when, where, why, how 等词引导，常放在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, wish,promise, answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusion 等抽象名词
4、后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。2析：they had won the game 说明 The news 的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用 that 引导同位语从句。（即 that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）例：The general gave the
5、 order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should cross the river at once 是 the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用 that 引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用 whether 引导同位语从句。（if 不能引导同位语从句）例：Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否
6、会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held on time 意义不完整，应加是否的含义才能表达 the problem 的全部内容，因此应用 whether 引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用 when, where, how 等词引导同位语从句。例 1：I have no idea when he will be back.析：he will be back 意义不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达 idea 的全部内容，因此应用 when 引导同位语从句。例 2：I have no impres
7、sion how he went home, perhaps by bike.析：he went home 意义不完整，应加如何的含义才能表达 impression的全部内容，因此应用 how 引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限3同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现
8、，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词 be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false.因为 the report was that he was going to resign 句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例 1：1）Information h
9、as been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as析：答案为 B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities 是 Information 的内容，且 Information 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：2）It is said that more middle school graduates will
10、be admitted into universities，this is the information _ has been put forward.A. what B. that C. when D. as析：答案为 B。that has been put forward 为 information 的修饰性定语，且 information 在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例 2：She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A. it B. which C. this D. that析：答案
11、为 B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly.A. it B. which C. this D. that4析：答案为 D。she is crying loudly 是 the terrible noise 的内容，且 the terrible noise 不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1. The fact _ she works hard is well k
12、nown to us all.A. that B. what C. why D. which2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A. hat B. what C. which D. why3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B. that C. why D. when4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down.A. which B. that C./ D. it5. I h
13、ave no idea _ he will start.A. when B. that C. what D./6. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow.A. if B. that C. whether D. which7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him.A. when B. which C. what D. that8. The order _ the prisoner be set free ar
14、rived too late.A. which B. whether C. that D. what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease.A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A. whether B. where C. that D. when5Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDC
15、AA同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是 idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order 等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed. (同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad. (同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did a
