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1、语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫 主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原 则。 （一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般 用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important f
2、or us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复 数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如： What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起
3、来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。 如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意： 若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数 形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / The knife and fork is on the table. ever
4、y. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中 and 连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it./ Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, r
5、ather than, more than, no less than, besides, including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形 式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall./ All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 4、eithe
6、r, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定 代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意： 在口语中当 either 或 neither 后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其 谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若 none of 后面的名词 是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单
7、数 或复数都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定语从句时，关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中 先行词的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓 语动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, po
8、pulation, audience 等。如： Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后
9、面名词的数 而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意： a number of“许多” ，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的 数量” ，主语是 number，谓语用单数。 8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Suc
10、h is the result. / Such are the facts. （二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致 （因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数） 。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决 定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通
11、常用单数 形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用 单数形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book. 4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式 （也可用复数。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动
12、词采用单数形式。如： Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用 单数形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes
13、, 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a (the) pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、 “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词” ，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。 （三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一 致。 1、当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also 连接时， 谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the tea
14、cher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的两个主语， 则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 注意：Here 引导的句子用法同上。 练习：主谓一致 1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to h
15、elp you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2. The rich _ not always happy. A.are B.is C.has D.have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was 4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I _ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters., A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is 7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party. A.wi
