《高三二轮语法专题复习-非谓语动词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三二轮语法专题复习-非谓语动词（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、【专题七】非谓语动词【考点分析】1.不定式的时态和语态； 2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能； 3.不定式的省略； 4.不定式的否定形式； 5.不定式的搭配形式； 6.独立主格结构； 7.v-ing 分词名词性功能； 8.v-ing 分词形容词性功能； 9.v-ing 分词副词性功能； 10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别； 11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别； 12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别；【知识点归纳】I.概述1.基本形式的变化：不定式： 时态主动态被动态一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing完成式to
2、 have builtto have been builtJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态） He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式) He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态) This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago
3、. (完成式的被动态) v-ing 形式：时态主动态被 动 态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done注意：不及物动词没有被动式注意：不及物动词没有被动式动名词I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) （= I am sure that he will come in time）He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) （= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.）Im confident
4、of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)（= I am confident that he have passed the exam.）He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)现在分词He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动
5、态)All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)2.所做成分项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语现在分词 动词的 ing 形式 动名词不定式过去分词注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分动词不定式在句中充当的成分 作主语。 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times. To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是
6、我们生活的唯一目的 在很多情况下，常用 it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。 It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。 作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan ，demand，dare， manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen ，seem) He mana
7、ged to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。 He promised to be here at nine.他答应 9 点钟到这儿。 I didnt expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。 在某些复合宾语中，用 it 做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。 I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。 作定语（常置于名词之后） 。 由 only, last, nex
8、t 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作 名词 代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something) She is always the first student to arrive at school. He is always the
9、last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。 I dont think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。 I have no desire to travel. Youll find something to interest you here.注：动词不定式 to 后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾 关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。 I havent decided which hotel to stay at. I found no one to play
10、with. 作状语 I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的) They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果) He tried only to fail. （结果没有成功） She was happy to hear the news. (表原因) 不定式常用于修饰下列形容词： able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considera
11、te, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc. French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。 Im sorry to interrupt you, but I have to. 作独立副词成分。 To speak f
12、rankly, I dont like your attitude. 与疑问词连用。疑问代词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how 等后加动词不定 式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。 When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。 The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。 注意：注意： 在有些动词后常用疑问词在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, t
13、ell, show, wonder,consider, understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。等。 He didnt know what to do next. I havent decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。我没有决定是否到日本去。 不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构 由由 for + 名词或代词名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾
14、语、状 语等。语等。 It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项你们有必要在星期五前做完这项 工作。工作。 His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。 由由 of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless,clever,courageous,foolish,good, honest,kind,nice
15、,rash, right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise 等。等。 Its kind of you to say so. Its brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby! 你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿 不带不带 to 的动词不定式的动词不定式 在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略 to 的动词不定式，如的动词不定式，如 let,make,have, hear,s
16、ee,feel,smell,hear,watch 等。等。 The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。老师常常让我把作文重写。 将该句转换成被动语态：将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition. I heard her say that she was fed up. 在下列结构后常用不带在下列结构后常用不带 to 的动词不定式：的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but, do nothing but 等。等。 Id better go now, or Ill miss the train. They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。我只好接受他的
