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1、阅读部分阅读部分Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But w
2、hen it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, its remarkable that our first line of defense is s
3、till what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls “the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production.” New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Al
4、though experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious flaws.Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, p
5、ublic-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strainstwo influenza A strains and one B strainfor manufacturers to include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop.
6、 Virus from the eggs innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment.Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that its reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious dr
7、awbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means its hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine.Whats
8、more, some flu strains dont grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufacturers simply couldnt find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,” re
9、calls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccineand, consequently, a more severe flu season.”Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. Thats because global pandemics like th
10、e one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans. Since humans havent encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circula
11、ting in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example, worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed themalthough the bug never circulated among humans. But when scientists tried to make vaccine the old-fashioned way, the bird flu quickly killed the eggs.1.The mo
12、on-landing is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate_.A technology cannot solve all of our human problemsB progress in vaccine research for influenza has lagged behindC great achievements have been made by men in exploring the unknownD the development of vaccine production methods can not be
13、 stopped2.What step is essential to the traditional production of flu vaccine?A Manufacturers implant the vaccine into ordered chicken eggs.B Scientists identify the exact strain soon after a flu pandemic starts.C Public health measures are taken as an important pandemic-fighting tool.D Viruses are
14、deadened and made clean before being put into vaccine use.3.The foremost reason why the egg-based method is defective lies in_.A the complex process of vaccine productionB its potential threat to human being C the low survival rate for new flu vaccinesD its contribution to the flu vaccine shortage4.
15、Which of the following is true according to the passage?A Flu vaccines now mainly use egg-based technology.B A bird influenza has once circulated among humans.C Safety can be greatly improved with cell-culture vaccines.D Modern vaccine production methods are to replace egg-based methods.5.In the aut
16、hors view, the new vaccine production method seems to be_.A remarkableB criticizedC efficientD accepted答案答案1.B2.D3.C4.A5.D总体分析总体分析全文介绍了通过鸡蛋培育流感病毒生产疫苗的方法并指出其存在的缺陷。第一段：指出科学家依然使用传统方法，即鸡蛋培育流感病毒生产疫苗。第二段：介绍传统方法的具体操作过程。第三至五段：分析传统方法存在的缺陷。试题精解试题精解1.第一段提到月球登陆是为了说明。A 技术不能解决人类所有的问题B 流感疫苗的研究进程已经落伍C 在探求未知方面人类已经取得巨大成就D 疫苗生产方法的发展不能停止精解 本题考查对句意的理解。根据题干中的 the moon landing 定位到第一段首句。该句提到，现代技术已经把人类送上了月球，也破解了人类的基因组。接着以“but”为标志，该段第二句转折指出，但是当涉
