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1、四十八、四十八、 基因研究领域的斗争基因研究领域的斗争It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Genome Wars had everything：two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last
2、one of the 3 billion DNA “letters” in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is unquestionable. The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the
3、governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was at least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab. Now the race is over. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taki
4、ng a step toward a period of calm. HGP head Francis Collins (and Ari Patrinos of the Department of Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of),
5、 that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being). No one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soonthe “finish lines” each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, “first draf
6、ts” rather than the definitive version. And while the joint announcement brings the former Genome Warriors closer together than theyre been in years, insiders say that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration. The conflict blew up, this F
7、ebruary when Britains Wellcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Celera outlining the HGPs complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do.” But by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors,” Ve
8、nter told Newsweek in March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful.” At a cancer meeting earlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each others approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit. By late last w
9、eek, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Mondays joint announcement were hammered out. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. “If this ends the horse race, science wins.” With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to
10、get down to the interesting stuff: figuring how to make use of all that data.1.The recent Genome Wars were symbolic of. A the enthusiasm in scientific researchB the significance of the space raceC the public versus private conflictD the prospect of the completion of DNA sequence2.The tone of the aut
11、hor in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is. A astonished B enthusiastic C disappointed D objective3.It is implied in the third paragraph that.A the “finish lines” refers to completion of DNA research.B former Genome Warriors will never fight again.C the former warriors are now collab
12、oratorsD both sides will still work on independently 4.The word “thaw”(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means .A aggravation of tensionB improvement in relation C intensification in attacks D ending of coordination 5.The critical issue facing the scientists is to. A apply the newly-found knowledge
13、 to the benefit of mankindB end their horse race for the success of scienceC get down to their genome researchD set their differences aside答案答案1.C2.D3.D4.B5.A总体分析总体分析本文介绍了基因组测序过程中两个科研机构之间的分歧与合作。第一段：介绍了基因组之战的参战方，斗争的内容及其象征意义。第二、三段：介绍了现在的和平阶段并对这次的和解发表评论。双方将通过共同召开记者招待会来宣布和解，但这次和解对他们之间的关系不一定会带来实质性的变化。第四段
14、：回顾了双方由矛盾爆发到走向和解的过程，并指出了他们下一步面临的关键问题。试题精解试题精解1.最近的基因组之战是的象征。A 对科学研究的热情B 星球大战的重要性C 公私矛盾D DNA 测序结束的前景精解 本题考查事实细节。文章首段最后一句话说：政府的人类基因组项目与塞莱拉基因公司之间的竞争至少具有部分的象征意义公私矛盾在基因实验室上演。 C项是对该句的改写，是正确项。 A项是文中没有涉及的问题。文章首句提到了星球大战，是为了说明基因之战的激烈性，与它的象征意义无关， B项不能选。 D项也与“基因组之战”无关。2.作者在报导本周一的记者招待会时的语气是。A 惊讶的B 充满热情的C 失望的D 客观
15、的精解 本题考查推理引申。第二段最后一句是对周一记者招待会的具体报导。作者在正文中是直接引用会议中两方的声明，而为了说明真实情况保持客观性，作者在括号中用了一系列表程度的词加以限制，所以D项正确。全文作者只是在客观地介绍一种现象，没有表现出其他项所说的“惊讶” 、 “热情”或“失望” 。3.第三段暗示。A “终点线”指 DNA 研究的结束B 以前的基因勇士们将永远不会再对抗了C 以前的勇士现在是合作伙伴D 双方将仍然继续独立地工作精解 本题考查推理引申。第三段最后一句提到：尽管共同宣言使以前的基因勇士们比几年来都更加亲密，内部人士说未来达成的共识可能更多采取协调的形式，而不是直接的合作。 D项
16、所述内容是该句的言外之意。由第三段的第二句话可知 finish line 指基因测序工程基本完成，但所得结果只是初稿，还不是最终的确定版本，所以研究还要继续， A项错误。该段首句说：没人确定现在情形与以前有何不同。可见，他们以后会不会再起烽烟是不确定的事，所以B项错误。C项与D项相反，由对D项的分析，可知C项错误。4.“thaw”这个词最有可能意为。A 紧张形势的恶化B 关系改进C 攻击更加激烈D 停止协作精解 本题考查词义的理解。第四段开始讲到矛盾的爆发。第三句 but 转折指出，.there were the first signs of a thaw，下文又以塞莱拉公司创始人认为对抗不好的讲话和一次癌症会议上双方的互相称赞为例，对该句话进行论证。可见他们的关系是改善了，所以B项正确。单词 thaw 意为“解冻” ，与B项一致。其他项均是说不好的方
