ANSI-- American National Standard Institute API-- American Petroleum Institute ASME-- American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM-- American Society of Testing and Materials ATM-- Atmosphere BB-- Bolted Bonnet BBE-- Beveled both Ends BC-- Bolted Cover BE-- Beveled End BHN-- Brinell Hardness Number BLE-- Beveled Large End BOE-- Beveled One End Br-- Bronze BSE-- Beveled Small End BW-- Butt Welding CA-- Corrosion Allowance CAS-- Cast Alloy Steel CCS-- Cast Carbon Steel CONC-- Concentric Cr-- Chromium CS-- Carbon Steel CuNi-- Copper-Nickel CWP-- Cold Working Pressure D-- Diameter ECC-- Eccentric EFW-- Electric Fusion Welded EQ-- Equal ET-- Electric Tracing ERW-- Electric Resistance Welded FAS-- Forged Alloy Steel FCS-- Forged Carbon Steel FF-- Flat Face GALV-- Galvanize Gr-- Grade HEX-- Hexagonal HT-- Heat Tracing H-- Heat Insulation PP-- Personnel Protection Insulation LR-- Long Radius Max-- Maximum Min-- Minimum Mo-- Molybdenum MSS-- Manufacturer Standardization Society NCS-- Normalized Carbon SteelNi-- Nickel NPT-- Threading as per ANSI B1.20.1 OD-- Outside Diameter PBE-- Plain both Ends PE-- Plain End PLE-- Plain Large End PUR-- Polyurethane POE-- Plain One End PSE-- Plain Small End R-- Radius RED-- Reducing RF-- Raised Face RJ-- Machined Face for Ring Joint RTJ-- Ring Joint Face SAW-- Submerged Arc Welding SCH-- Schedule SCRD-- Screwed SMLS-- Seamless SS-- Stainless Steel STD-- Standard SW-- Socket Welding TBE-- Threaded both Ends TE-- Threaded End THK-- Thickness TLE-- Threaded Large End TOE-- Threaded one End TSE-- Threaded Small End WB-- Welded Bonnet WN-- Weld Neck WT-- Wall Thickness（1） 焊接种类 Varieties of welding电弧焊Arc welding电熔焊 Electric fusion welding [EFW]电阻焊Electric resistance welding [ERW]有保护的金属电弧焊Shielded metal arc welding [SMAW] 手工或自动惰性气体保护Manual and automatic inert gas tungsten钨极电弧焊（带不可熔焊条）Arc welding with unmeltable electrode [GTAW]自动埋弧焊 Automatic submerged arc welding金属极惰性气体保护焊 Gas metal arc welding [GMAW]氩弧焊 Argon-Arc welding 气体保护电弧焊 Gas-shielded arc welding气焊 Gas welding ; flame welding等离子焊Plasma welding硬钎焊Braze welding电渣焊 Electroslag welding焊条Welding rod (electrode)焊丝 Welding wire错位 Mismatch弧坑 Pit焊穿 Burn through夹渣 Slag inclusion咬边，咬肉 Undercut焊瘤 Overlap气孔 Porosity 严重飞溅 Excessive spatter未溶合 Incomplete fusion根部未焊透 Inxomplete penetration（1） 焊接检验无损检验 Non-Destructive testing肉眼检验，外观检验 Visual testing着色渗透试验 Dye penetrant inspection液体渗透试验 Liquid penetrant testX 射线照相X-ray tadiographyγ 射线照相 Gamma radiography超声波探伤 Ultrasonic test磁粉探伤 Magnetic particle test荧光渗透试验 Fluorescent penetrant inspection水压试验 Hydraulic testing气压试验 Pneumatoc testing。