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1、定语从句定语从句“三步曲三步曲”到目前为止，同学们已经学习了宾语从句、状语从句等。但在英语阅读、写作以及各类考 试中，我们几乎离不开另一个重点语法项目，那就是定语从句。既然如此，那么初学定语 从句应搞清哪些东西呢？咱们还是一道来看看定语从句“三步曲”是如何解码的：第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念第一曲弄清定语从句的基本概念 在复合句（包括主句和从句）中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语 从句必须放在被修饰的词之后。例如： This is the building that we built last year这就是我们去年建的楼房。 The man who is talking wi
2、th a group of students is our class teacher正在和一群学生谈话的 那个人是我们的班主任。 第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词第二曲弄清定语从句的先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。例如： The man who lives next to us sells vegetables住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。 You must do everything that I do你必须做我所做的一切。 其中 man 和 everything 均为先行词，分别受到其后的定语从句 who lives next to us 和 that I do 的修饰。 第
3、三曲弄清关系代词所起的作用第三曲弄清关系代词所起的作用 1连接作用：关系代词 whowhom whichthat 等可以连接主句与定语从句，不可随 便用其它词来连接定语从句。试比较： 正The student who sits next to me is from Anhui坐在我旁边的那个学生来自安徽。 误The student he sits next to me is from Anhui 析he 是人称代词，不是关系代词，因此不可连接主句与定语从句。 正The letter whichthat I received yesterday was from a friend of mine
4、我昨天收到的 那封信是我的一个朋友寄来的。 误The letter what I received yesterday was from a friend of mine 析疑问代词 what 也不能连接主句和定语从句。先行词关系代词指人的who/whom , that指物的which , that2替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代在它前面主句中的先行词；同时，先行词与关系代词 在一般的情况下应保持一定的呼应关系。 试比较： 正The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman 误The man which is shaking
5、hands with my father is a policeman 析主句中的先行词 man 指代的是人，因此，关系代词不能使用 which。 正The girl did not answer these questions which were asked in English 误The girl did not answer these questions who were asked in English 析主句中的先行词 questions 指代的是物，因此，关系代词不能使用 who。 3成分作用：定语从句的关系代词在从句中总是充当一定的句子成分（如：主语、宾语、 定语等） 。例如
6、：The woman whothat spoke at the meeting is an engineer 在会议上发言的那个妇女是位工程师。 （关系代词 whothat 在从句中作主语） I like the boy whowhomthat I met at the party last week 我喜欢上周在宴会上见到的那个男孩。 （关系代词 who whom that 在从句中作宾语） 几点注意： 1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省去；但作主语时，则不可以省略。试比较： The film（whichthat）I saw yesterday was very good I don
7、t like people whothat talk much but do little 2）关系代词作从句主语时，应注意从句的主谓一致。例如： 正David was talking to the team who were playing football with him 误David was talking to the team who was playing football with him 析主句中的 team 指的是“队友、队员”，因此，关系代词 who 指代复数，其后的谓语 应用复数。 3）当心定语从句中代词的误用。例如： 正The computer（whichthat）I
8、 bought last week has not been used yet 误The computer（whichthat）I bought it last week has not been used yet 析关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中不可再使用如 itthemher 之 类的代词。 4）只能使用 that 引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为 alleverythingnothinganything little muchnone 等不定代词或先行词前有一个序 数词、形容词最高级、onlyallanyno 等词修饰时。例如： The first thing that y
9、ou could do was to turn off the light 你首先要做的就是熄灭灯。 All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class 我们为学生所要做的一切就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。 另：当先行词是 something 时，关系代词可用 that 或 which。 5）只能使用 which 引导定语从句的场合：当先行词为 that 或关系代词（指“物”）在介词之 后或在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主句分开的定语从句）中时。例如： This is t
10、he house in which Tom once lived这是汤姆以前住过的房子。 Football ，which is a very interesting game， is played all over the world 世界各地都踢足球，这是一项非常有趣的活动。 巩固练习： 用 whowhomthatwhich 填空。 1Those are the things _ I lost in the street yesterday 2He is the person _ we often talk about 3They talked of things and persons _
11、 they remembered 4They call it Christmas， _ comes from the name Christ 5They may go to their own library to look up any information _ they need 单项选择。 6People _ study earthquakes think that there will be no big earthquake hereawho bwhich cwhom d 7The pancake _ my aunt cooks is deliciousathat bwhich c da，b or c 8The young man _ I had a talk with is a friend of mineaand band who cthat dwhich Key: 1thatwhich 2who whom that 3that 4which 5that 68 adcd
