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1、MODULE 1 Great European CitiesPARIS Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The most popular place for tourists is the Eiffel Tower, the famous sym
2、bol of Paris. One of the worlds largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris. The city is also famous for its restaurants, cafes and theatres. About two-thirds of Frances artists and writers live in Paris. BARCELONA Barcelona is the second largest city of Spain and is situated on the
3、northeast coast, about five hundred kilometres east of the Spanish capital, Madrid. One of Barcelonas most famous landmarks is the Church of the Sagrade Familia, which was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926.The church hasnt be
4、en finished yet! FLORENCE Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. During the Renaissance, some of the greatest painters of all time lived and worked in Florence. Many of Florenc
5、e s most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Florence is visited each year by about a million tourists who come to see the art galleries, churches, and museums. The Uffizi Palace is the most famous art gallery in the city. ATH
6、ENS Athens, the capital of Greece, is known as the birthplace of western civilisation. Two thousand four hundred years ago, it was the worlds most powerful city. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period. Greeces best writers lived in ancient Athens. Their w
7、ork has influenced other writers ever since. 巴黎是法国最大的城市和首都，坐落于塞纳河。 这是世界上最美丽的城市之一并且每年有超过八百万的旅游者到这里旅游。最著名的景点就是埃弗尔铁塔，也是法国著名的标志。最著名的艺术长廊就是罗浮宫，也坐落于法国。这座城市同样因它的餐厅，咖啡，剧院而出名。大约三分之二的法国艺术家和作家都定居法国。巴塞罗那是西班牙第二大的城市，坐落于海岸的东北方，距离西班牙的东部首都马德里还有大约 500 公里。巴塞罗那最著名的标志性建筑之一就是圣家大教堂，它是由建筑师安东尼奥高迪设计的。 高迪从 1882 年开始着手于这项工程，直到
8、1926 年他去世的那一年，这个教堂还没有完工。佛罗伦萨是意大利所属的城市。它的久负盛名，是由于14 世纪开始并持续三百年之久的文艺复兴。 在文艺复兴期间，一些最伟大的画家一直在佛罗伦萨生活和工作。大部分出色的油画和雕刻都是出自达芬奇和米开朗基罗这一类的伟大艺术家之手。每年到佛罗伦萨来参观那些艺术画廊、教堂和博物馆的游客高达百万人。乌菲齐宫殿是该城市中最著名的艺术画廊。雅典，作为希腊的首都，是因西方文明的发源地而出名。2400 年前，它是世界上实力最雄厚的城市。 雅典卫城上的帕台农神庙这一类的建筑都是在这个阶段修建的。希腊最著名的作家们都曾经在古希腊居住过。从那时起他们的作品一直对其他作家有着
9、影响深远。MODULE 2 The Human Development Report In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier. From this agreement came the Human Development Report. One of the most important sections of this report is The Human Development Index. This examines the achi
10、evements of 175 countries. The index measures a countrys achievements in three ways: life expectancy (how long people usually live), education and income. The index has some surprises. Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are: Iceland (2), Swede
11、n (3), Australia (4), the Netherlands (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. The report describes eight development goals. The most importan
12、t goals are to: 1）reduce poverty and hunger; 2）make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11; 3）fight AIDS and other diseases; 4）improve the environment of poor people, e.g. make sure they have safe drinking water; 5）encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries
13、. The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953 1962), China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million p
14、eople in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa. Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. Ho
15、wever, in other regions of the world, e.g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink. The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries t
16、hat give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so. 人类发展报告在 2000 年， 来自世界各国的147 位领导人一致同意共同努力到2015 年或在更早的时间减少贫困。由此产生了人类发展报告。这份报告一个最重要的部分是人类发展指标。 它审阅了 175 个国家的发展成就。指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命、教育和收入。这项指标显示了一些令人意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛（2） ，瑞典（ 3）澳大利亚（ 4）荷兰（ 5） 。英国位居第十三位，而中国处于中等地位。处于末端的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂（西非）排在最后。报告描述了八个发展目标。其中最重要的是：减少贫穷和饥饿；确保所有儿童11 岁之前都能接受教育；对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；改善穷苦人民的环境，例如，确保
