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1、西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）摘 要煤炭作为一种资源性产品，在世界各国的能源消费中处于十分重要的地位。陕北榆林的煤炭出口保持可持续发展，它会直接影响到陕北、陕西甚至全国的经济发展。煤炭出口在榆林市外贸出口中占有重要地位。随着煤炭的大量出口，陕北获得了一定的外汇收入，但是煤炭出口贸易的经济效益却不高：近几年陕北煤炭的平均出口盈利率低于全国平均水平 0.46 个百分点；而山西煤炭出口换汇成本却比全国平均水平高 2 元左右，并呈现不稳定的发展态势；煤炭的过度开采造成陕北整个生态环境的恶化；煤炭的深加工程度低，附加值低，产业链短等。目前，对于陕北榆林市煤炭行业的出口贸易问题，当前的专业研究正在开展中
2、，现实的研究成果并不多见，并且针对煤炭行业贸易出口问题的研究主要集中在对其贸易现状的分析和相关解决措施的研究上。分析榆林市煤炭出口存在的问题和对策，可以进一步帮助榆林市煤炭行业的发展，改变其目前的发展困境；同时，从研究的理论意义来看，以往的文献对其开采的经济效益比较重视，而对煤炭出口的可持续发展其很少作出评估和预警，此篇论文着重探讨榆林煤炭出口存在的问题及对策，不仅具有较强的针对性，而且可以推动榆林煤炭产业向持续化、规模化、国际化发展，具有深远的意义。本文针对榆林煤炭出口贸易经济效益偏低的这种状况，首先从陕北煤炭出口贸易的发展现状入手，分析了煤炭出口与环境及陕北产业结构的关系，以及产生这种状况
3、的原因，为提高陕北煤炭出口贸易经济效益，提出一系列建议和实施措施。关键词：陕西，煤炭出口，外贸出口，问题与对策西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）ABSTRACTCoal, as a kind of resource products, in the world energy consumption in a very important position. Shanbei yulin coal exports to keep sustainable development, it will directly affect the northern shaanxi, shaanxi, and ev
4、en the national economic development. Coal export occupies an important position in the foreign trade export of yulin city. With a large number of exports of coal, northern shaanxi obtained certain foreign exchange income, but the economic benefits of coal export trade is not high: in recent years s
5、haanxi coal export rate of return on average is below the national average of 0.46%; And the cost of shanxi coal export swap is 2 yuan, higher than the national average and shows the development situation of instability; The excessive exploitation of coal cause the deterioration of the ecological en
6、vironment of shaanxi; Low degree of coal deep processing and added value is low, short industrial chain, etc. At present, in yulin city of shaanxi coal industry export trade issues, the current professional research is carried out, the reality of research does not see more, and study of the coal ind
7、ustry trade exports mainly focused on analyzing the current situation of its trade and related solutions. Analysis of the problems existing in the coal exports of yulin city and countermeasures, can further help the yulin coal industry development, change its current development predicament; At the
8、same time, from the perspective of the theoretical significance of study, previous literature on the economic benefits of the mining, attention, and for the sustainable development of coal export its, rarely assessment and early warning, this paper emphatically discusses the existing problems and co
9、untermeasures, yulin coal exports not only has strong pertinence, but also to promote the yulin coal industry internationalization, scale, and continued development, has the profound significance.Aiming at yulin coal export trade economic benefits on the low side of this situation, first of all, fro
10、m the current situation of the development of northern shaanxi coal export trade, coal exports and environment were analyzed and the relationship 西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）between the industrial structure of shaanxi, and the causes of this situation, to improve the northern shaanxi coal export trade and econo
11、mic benefit, put forward a series of Suggestions and measures.Key words：Shaanxi, Coal exports, Foreign trade export, Problems and countermeasur西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）I目目 录录摘摘 要要AbstractAbstract1.1. 前前 言言.1 12.2.榆林市煤炭出口贸易格局发展现状榆林市煤炭出口贸易格局发展现状.2 22.1 煤炭出口与环境的关系.22.1.1 煤炭贸易的发展现状 .22.1.2 主要产品出口国家分析 .32.2 榆林市煤炭
12、出口国际市场竞争力分析 .32.2.1 市场占有率分析 .32.2.2 贸易相似度指数分析 .42.2.3 显示性比较优势分析 .43 3 榆林市煤炭出口贸易中存在的问题榆林市煤炭出口贸易中存在的问题.5 53.1 出口规模较小.53.2 其他外贸在社会经济发展中的作用较小.53.3 出口结构、贸易方式不尽合理.53.4 政策支持不够，企业作为外贸主体的作用没有充分发挥，中介服务落后.63.5 缺乏外贸人才.63.6 缺乏具有国际竞争力的名牌产品.63.7 出口市场相对集中 .73.8 地区发展不平衡 .74.4.榆林市煤炭出口贸易贸易的发展对策榆林市煤炭出口贸易贸易的发展对策.8 84.1 更新观念，提高认识，大力发展开放型经济.84.2 健全和完善有关外贸的法规、制度、政策.84.3 打造具有陕西优势和特色的出口产业群.84.4 不断优化出口商品结构，大力发展高技术含量、高附加值、高质量、西安工程大学本科毕业设计（论文）II高质量煤炭出口 .94.5 多元化战略.94.6 推动煤炭企业“走出去” ，带动贸易的发展.94.7 大力培养、引进各类外贸人才.104.8 协调区域发展，促进陕南、陕西外贸实现跨越式发展.105.5. 总结总结.
