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1、 云南财经大学硕士学位论文人口老龄化背景下对养老问题的分析-以昆明市为例姓名:王方兵申请学位级别:硕士专业:社会保障指导教师:易守宽2011-06 摘要中文摘要 人口老龄化作为人口结构变化的一个重要方面,对社会的影响是多方面的。在人口老龄化引起的所有问题中,养老问题是一个核心的问题,因为养老问题的妥善解决,对于其他社会问题的解决具有重要的意义。目前,中国处于社会转型时期,社会养老保障体系还不健全,家庭结构发生了变化,传统的家庭养老功能逐渐减弱,老年群体内部也发生了分化,高龄老人、空巢老人、独生子女父母等,人口老龄化和其他社会问题交织在一起,使养老问题变得更加严峻。人口老龄化对社会养老保障提出了
2、更高的要求。政府和社会不但要为老年人提供基本的养老金,还要为高龄老人提供必要的社会服务。从我国目前的社会保障建设看,基本养老金制度建设比较全面,系统,从制度设计层面覆盖了各种人群,而养老服务保障建设还显不足。当前要加快养老保障制度建设转型,以养老金制度为主向经济保障和服务保障并重的方向发展。随着老年人口数量的增加,老年人的需求也发生了变化,从传统的以物质生活为主的需求向物质生活和精神生活并重的方向发展。因此,完善包括现行的新型农村社会养老保险制度在内的养老保障体系,同时,建立健全满足老年人服务需求的养老服务体系,在保障老年人基本生活的同时,提高老年人的生活质量,真正实现老有所养,是解决养老问题
3、的关键。 本文在写作的过程中,运用理论与实践相结合的方法,既对中国养老保障制度的发展历程进行了梳理,同时通过对昆明市的养老保险统计数据和个别地区的调查问卷整理,不仅从宏观上分析了当前养老保障体系存在的问题,也通过实地调查从微观上了解了老年人对养老服务的需求,尤其是对独生子女父母的养老问题进行了尝试性的分析,使对问题的分析更具有针对性。 本文经过分析,一方面论证了随着人口老龄化形势的加剧,要通过建立健全养老保障体系,包括养老保险制度和居家养老服务制度等,满足老年人多元化的需求;同时指出了养老问题的责任是多方面的,通过政府、社会、家庭、老年人自身的协力合作,建立以政府引导、社会主办、民间参与的多层
4、次养老服务保障体系,实现养老问题的有效解决。 关键词:人口老龄化;养老问题;养老保险;居家养老 IAbstractAbstract Demographic aging of the population as an important aspect of change, impact on society is multifaceted. Caused by the aging of the population of all the issues, pension issue is a core issue, because the pension properly solve the pr
5、oblem, the solution of other social issues of great significance. Currently, in the transition period, the Social Security system is not perfect, the family structure has changed, traditional family support function gradually weakened, older age groups have also taken place within the division, seni
6、or citizens, elderly, empty-nesters, the only child the parents, etc. aging population and other social problems are intertwined, so that pension issues become even more severe. Population aging on Social Security has put forward higher requirements. Government and society not only to provide basic
7、pensions for the elderly, but also for senior citizens to provide the necessary social services. From the construction of Chinas current social security perspective, the basic construction of the pension system more comprehensive, systematic, and from the system design level, covering all kinds of p
8、eople, and old-age security services building also was inadequate. Now we should accelerate the transformation of old-age security system to protect the pension systems and services mainly to safeguard both the economic direction. As the elderly population increases, demand for the elderly has also
9、changed, from the traditional material-based needs of material life and spiritual life to both the direction. Therefore, the improvement including the existing new rural social pension insurance system, including old-age security system, the same time, establish and improve services to meet the need
10、s of the elderly care service system, to protect the basic livelihood of the elderly, improve the quality of life of older persons, the real achieve a sense of security, the key to solving the pension problemIn this paper, the process of writing, the use of theory and practice of the method of combi
11、ning both old-age security system in China has combed the development process, while in Kunmings old-age insurance statistics and surveys of individual areas of consolidation, not only from the macro-On the analysis of the current pension IIAbstractsystem problems, but also through field survey from
12、 the microscopic understanding of the needs of older people aged care services, especially for parents with only child aged issues tentative analysis, the analysis of the problem is more TargetedAfter this analysis, on the one hand demonstrates the situation with the increasing aging population, thr
13、ough the establishment of a sound pension system, including the pension insurance system and the system of home care services to meet the diverse needs of older persons; also pointed out that the pension issue Responsibility is multifaceted, by the government, society, family, the elderly themselves
14、 to work together and establish a government guidance, community organizer, civil service involved in the multi-level old-age security system, to achieve effective solutions to pension problems Key words: aging of the population; pension problems; pension; home careIII 学位论文原创性声明 声明:本人所呈交的学位论文,是本人在导师
15、的指导下,独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。尽我所知,除文中已经注明引用的内容外,本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。 论文作者签名: 日期: 年 月日 学位论文版权使用授权书 本人完全了解云南财经大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文和论文电子版,允许学位论文被查阅或借阅;学校可以公布学位论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存、汇编、发表学位论文;授权学校将学位论文的全文或部分内容编入、提供有关数据库进行检索。
16、 (保密的学位论文在解密后遵循此规定) 论文作者签名:导师签名: 日期: 年月 日 日期: 年月 第一章 引言第一章 引言 第一节 选题背景和研究意义 一、选题背景 人口老龄化 是目前世界各国都在关注的一个人口问题,中国作为人口大国,也是人口老龄化速度昀快的国家。据 2000 年第五次全国人口普查资料显示,我国已经进入老龄化社会。截止目前,中国老年人口规模不断扩大,而且高龄化趋势明显。作为一个发展中国家,人口老龄化带来的影响是多方面、综合性的,不但进一步影响了人口结构的变化,而且动摇了传统的社会和家庭养老模式。老年人口数量的增加,使老年人的需求内容也呈现出多元化,不仅要满足老年人的物质生活需求,更要满足他们精神生活的需求。中国老龄化的原因、特点以及应对措施都不同于发达国家,更不能照搬福利国家的养老模式。 中国人口老龄化是在社会主义市场经济发展的过程中,伴随着工业化和城市化的进程而出现的,这是中国人口老龄化的一个社会背景。同时,人口结构的变化以及家庭结构的变化,使传统的养老模式受到挑战,面对人口老龄化的严峻形势,新的养老模式还不
