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1、1第七单元第七单元 句子的翻译（句子的翻译（3 3）真实、虚拟条件句和否定句的翻译真实、虚拟条件句和否定句的翻译第一部分：英语中真实条件句和虚拟条件句的翻译第一部分：英语中真实条件句和虚拟条件句的翻译 一一. 真实条件句的翻译真实条件句的翻译 在真实条件句中，说话人或把条件视为事实，或仅仅提出条件，不作任何主观设想， 如果条件实现，主句内容便成为事实；如果条件不实现，结果也就不会发生。译成分句 即可。 例如：If the weather is not good, I shall stay at home. 如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。Unless the weather is good, I
2、shall stay at home. 如果天气不好，我将呆在家里。I will stay at home providing /provided/ on condition(that) the weather is not good. 假如天气不好，我就呆在家里。I will stay at home only if the weather is not good. 如果天气不好，我只好呆在家里。I will stay at home if only the weather is not good. 只要天气不好，我就呆在家里。Given bad weather, I will stay a
3、t home. 假使天气不好，我就呆在家里。Suppose we cant get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? 假设我们弄不到必要的设备，那我们怎么办？As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 就算这是实际情况，你又能得出什么结论呢？Send us a message in
4、case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难请给我们一个信。Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean. 我们可以让你们用这个房间，如果你们能保持清洁的话。She would have fallen but that I caught her. 要不是我抓住她，她就摔倒了。He is a quite conscientious man so far as I know. 据我所知，他是一个很负责的人。 二二. 虚拟条件句的翻译虚拟条件句的翻译 1.用“早” “本来” “原先” “当初”
5、译出虚拟语气。 例如：2If you had tried, you would have been able to do it. 如果你原先设法做了，你早就会了。With his aid you would have succeeded. 当初若有他帮助，你早就成功了。She could have come to a patty, but she has been sick. 她本来要出席这个宴会，但她病了。Such mistakes could have been avoided. 这样的错误本来是可以避免的。I was ill that day. Otherwise I would hav
6、e taken part in the parade. 我那天生病了，否则我就参加游行了。 2.用“多好”“吧”“怎么办”译出虚拟语气。 例如：If only he could speak French. 要是他会说法语多好啊！Suppose a lion should come out of the forest. 假如一头狮子从树林中冲出来，怎么办？You might do me a great favor. 请帮帮忙吧！Wouldnt it be better for us to do it ourselves? 咱们自己干不是更好吗？ 3. 用“竟然”“居然”“怎么” 译出虚拟语气。例
7、如：It is strange that he should be absent today. 今天他居然缺席，真奇怪。That he should think me capable of it! 他居然认为我会干出这种事来。That it should have come to this! 事情怎么会闹到了这个地步！It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。 4. 用表示愿望的句子译出虚拟语气。例如：I wish she would marry me. 可惜她不愿意嫁给我。Had he time, he wo
8、uld help you decorate your room. 可惜他没有时间帮你装饰房间。My naughty son is always driving me crazy, I could have given his a good beating everyday. 我那淘气的儿子总让我着急，我恨不得天天打他一顿。I wish 1 were as versatile as you. 我巴不得像你一样什么都会。35. 原形动词表示的虚拟语气用相应的汉语译出即可。 例如：So be it. 但愿如此。God bless you. 上帝保佑你。Heaven help us! 老天爷保佑！Go
9、d damn it! 该死的！The devil take you! 滚你的吧！Long live our motherland! 祖国万岁！Good luck be yours! 祝你走运！Heaven help us.老天保佑我们。Suffice it to say that the manager is pleased with the work.我只想说经理对这项工作很满意。May this book in a small way help to enhance the understanding and friendship between the two peoples.希望这本书
10、对促进两国的了解和友谊起一点作用。 6. 其他表示虚拟语气的形式译为汉语的假设句。Jesse, boy, you should have asked roe before you decided to walk all the way there. 杰西，孩子，在你决定步行来这之前，不问一问我，这可不好。A timely medical treatment could have saved the child. 如果治疗及时，这孩子本可以得救的。It would be a mistake Dot to take this opportunity. 如果不利用这个机会，那就不对了。 Born i
11、nto a rich family, he would have received better education. 假如生在富有的家庭，他本可以接受更好的教育。By united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this catastrophe. 假如采取一致行动，他们本可以使自己和全世界免遭这场灾难的。Anyone who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被解雇。Could the dead man ha
12、ve spoken, he could have identified his murderer. 如果死人会说话，他会认出谁是谋害他的人。4Ive loved you as if you were my son.我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。It is not as though we were poor. 我们又不是穷。 EXERCISESEXERCISES 1. If you visit London, try to see some of these things as well as the famous sights. 2. Suppose (Supposing) we cant
13、get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? 3. As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 4. Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw? 5. Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 6. Well let you use the room on condition that (provided that
14、) you keep it clean and tidy. 7. She would have fallen but that I caught her. 8. He is a quite conscientious man so far as I know. 9. Were I to do it，I should first of all get the teacher to discuss the plan. 10. I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party. 11. But for the sto
15、rm, we should have arrived earlier. 12. I wouldnt have acted as he did. 13. I had rather (that) you told him than I did. 14. How I wish it wasnt raining! 15. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway. 16. Would you mind turning the light on? 17. Long live world peace! 18. If he only knew how we m
16、iss him! 19. May the friendship between our two peoples last forever? 20. Wouldnt it be better for us to do it ourselves? 第二部分：无主句的翻译第二部分：无主句的翻译 汉语中，只有谓语部分而没有主语部分的句子叫做无主句。汉语中无主句比较多。 但所谓无主句，并不是省略了主语的句子（汉语中省去主语的句子属于“省略句” ） ，而 是习惯上有时这样讲；其主语到底是谁很难界定，但是在任何语言环境里它都能表达完 整明确的意思。可是在英语中，句子一般都要有主语，因此，汉语的无主句译成英语时， 往往要补出主语或改变句型，使句子结构符合英语语法的规范。 汉语无主句的英译法大致有以下几种： 一、运用英语的被动结构一、运用英语的被动结构 有时我们可以把汉语无主句
