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1、约 克 安 特 卫 普 规 则1 9 7 4（ YO R K - AN T W E R P R U L ES , 1 9 7 4 ）RULE OF INTERPRETATION 解释规则In the adjustment of general average the following lettered and numbered Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith. 共同海损理算，适用下列字母规则和数字规则，凡与这些规则相抵触的法律和惯例都不适用。Except as
2、provided by the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules. 除数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。RULE A 规则 A There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safet
3、y for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure. 只有在为了共同安全，使同一航程中的财产脱离危险，有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用时，才能构成共同海损行为。RULE B 规则 B General average sacrifices and expenditures shall be borne by the different contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided. 共
4、同海损牺牲和费用，应按下列规定，由各分摊方分摊。RULE C 规则 C Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average. 只有属于共同海损行为直接后果的损失或费用，才应作为共同海损。Loss or damage sustained by the ship or cargo through delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently,
5、 such as demurrage, and any indirect loss whatsoever, such as loss of market, shall not be admitted as general average. 不论是在航程中或其后发生的船舶或货物因迟延所遭受的损失，例如船舶滞期损失，以及任何间接损失，例如行市损失，都不得认作共同海损。RULE D 规则 D Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the
6、sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure, but this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault. 即使引起牺牲或费用的事故，可能是由于航程中某一方的过失所造成的，也不影响要求分摊共同海损的权利，但这不妨碍非过失方与过失方之间就此项过失可能提出的任何索赔或抗辩。
7、RULE E 规则 E The onus of proof is upon the party claiming in general average to show that the loss or expense claimed is properly allowable as general average. 提出共同海损索赔的一方应负举证责任，证明所索赔的损失或费用应作为共同海损。RULE F 规则 F Any extra expense incurred in place of another expense which would have been allowable as ge
8、neral average shall be deemed to be general average and so allowed without regard to the saving, if any, to other interests, but only up to the amount of the general average expense avoided. 凡为代替本可作为共同海损的费用而支付的额外费用，可作为共同海损并受到补偿，无须考虑对于其他有关方有无节省，但其数额不得超过被代替的共同海损费用。RULE G 规则 G General average shall be
9、adjusted as regards both loss and contribution upon the basis of values at the time and place when and where the adventure ends. 共同海损损失和分摊的理算，应以航程终止的时间和地点的价值为基础。This rule shall not affect the determination of the place at which the average statement is to be made up.本条规定不影响对编制海损理算书地点的决定。RULE I. JETT
10、ISON OF CARGO 规则一 抛弃货物No jettison of cargo shall be made good as general average, unless such cargo is carried in accordancewith the recognised custom of the trade. 被抛弃的货物，除非按照公认的海运习惯运送，不得作为共同海损受到补偿。RULE II DAMAGE BY JETTISON AND SACRIFICE FOR THE COMMON SAFETY 规则二 为了共同安全抛弃和做出牺牲所造成的损失Damage done to
11、a ship and cargo, or either of them, by or in consequence of a sacrifice made for the common safety, and by water which goes down a ship s hatches opened or other opening made for the purpose of making a jettison for the common safety, shall be made good as general average. 为共同安全做出牺牲或其后果和为了共同安全进行抛弃而
12、开舱或打洞以致进水，造成船舶、货物的损坏，应作为共同海损受到补偿。RULE III. EXTINGUISHING FIRE ON SHIPBOARD 规则三 扑灭船上火灾Damage done to a ship and cargo, or either of them, by water or otherwise, including damage by beaching or scuttling a burning ship, in extinguishing a fire on board the ship, shall be made good as general average;
13、except that no compensation shall be made for damage by smoke or heat however caused. 为了扑灭船上火灾，因水或其他原因使船舶、货物遭受损坏，包括将着火船舶搁浅或凿沉所造成的损坏，均应作为共同海损受到补偿。但烟熏或热烤所造成的损坏除外。RULE IV. CUTTING AWAY WRECK 规则四 切除残余部分Loss or damage sustained by cutting away wreck or parts of the ship which have been previously carried
14、 away or are effectively lost by accident shall not be made good as general average. 因切除由于意外事故原已折断或实际上已经毁损的船舶残留部分所遭受的损失，不得作为共同海损受到补偿。RULE V. VOLUNTARY STRANDING 规则五 有意搁浅When a ship is intentionally run on shore for the common safety, whether or not she might have been driven on shore, the consequent
15、 loss or damage shall be allowed in general average. 船舶无论是否势必搁浅，如果为了共同安全有意搁浅，因此所造成的损失应认作共同海损。RULE VI. SALVAGE REMUNERATION 规则六 救助报酬Expenditure incurred by the parties to the adventure on account of salvage, whether under contract or otherwise, shall be allowed in general average to the extent that t
16、he salvage operations were undertaken for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in the common maritime adventure. 航程中各有关方所支付的救助费用，不论救助是否根据契约进行，都应认入共同海损，但以使在同一航程中的财产脱离危险而进行的救助为限。RULE VII. DAMAGE TO MACHINERY AND BOILERS 规则七 机器和锅炉的损坏Damage caused to any machinery and boilers of a ship which is ashore and in a position of peril, in endeavouring to refloat, shall be allowed in general average when shown to have arisen from an actual intention to float the ship for th
