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1、语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气：陈语气是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。述语气，疑问语气，虚拟语气。虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气定义：虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假设或建议等。虚拟语气的学习重点：虚拟语气的学习重点：1. 虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。虚拟语气的在条件句中的基本用法和四个基本情态动词的用法。2. 虚拟语气的倒装。（虚拟语气的倒装。（if 省略，条件句中中有省略，条件句中中有 had, should, wer
2、e）。）。3. 两种错综虚拟语气。两种错综虚拟语气。4. 含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。5. 过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。过去的计划，打算，愿望等未曾实现时的虚拟语气。6. 特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。重点为特殊句型中的虚拟语气：两个。重点为 wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及后宾语从句中的虚拟语气及as if 和和 as though 从句中虚拟语气的表示法。从句中虚拟语气的表示法。7. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用。即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的名词性从句。意愿等的名词性从句。8
3、. 不清惜条件的虚拟语气。不清惜条件的虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如虚拟语气在条件句中的用法列表如 下：下：相相 关关 时时 态态主句形式主句形式从句形式从句形式例句例句与与 现现 在在 事事 实实 相相 反反Shouldwouldcouldmight+do（ 动词原形）动词原形）过去式（过去式（be 动动 词各人称都用词各人称都用 were）If I were you, I should would make full use of my time to study. 与与 过过 去去Shouldwouldcouldmight+have done（动词过去分词）（动词过去分词）H
4、ad+done(过过 去分词去分词)If you had come earlier, you 事事 实实 相相 反反would have met him.与与 将将 来来 事事 实实 相相 反反Shouldwouldcouldmight+do（ 动词原形）动词原形）1. 过去式过去式 （be 动词各动词各 人称都用人称都用 were） 2. should+动动 词原形词原形 3. were to + 动词原形动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.注意四个情态动词的用法：注意四个情态动词的用法：1. 若表示在某一假设的条
5、件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用若表示在某一假设的条件下，必然而然就会发生某事，第一人称可用should 或或 would, 而二、三人称只用而二、三人称只用 would.2. 若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用若表示在某一假设条件下就能够干某事，各人称都用 could.3. 如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用如果表示在某种假设条件下有可能会发生某事，各人称都用 might. 虚拟语气倒装虚拟语气倒装请看典型考题：_ your address，I would have written to you. A. Did I knowB. Were I to kn
6、ow C. Had I known D. If I should know此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could 等动词时，可以将 if 省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：1. If he should fail，he would kill himself. Should he fail，he would kill himself. 万一失败，他就会自杀。2. If I were you，I would do it at once. Were I you，I would do it at onc
7、e. 假若我是你，我就会马上做。3. If I could do it，I would. Could I do it，I would. 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it. Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。注意：顺便说一句，以上移至句首的注意：顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had 不一定是不一定是助动词助动词，如果是实义动词也，如果是实义动词也可可倒装倒装
8、：5. If he had money，he would buy a car. Had he money，he would buy a car. 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。将下列倒装句恢复正常：将下列倒装句恢复正常：a. Were it not for the fact that you are ill, I would give you a good beating.要不是因为你有病这一事实,我就会狠揍你一顿。b. Had he asked me, I would have given him my advice.要是他请求我的话，我就会给他建议的。c. Were it to snow
9、tomorrow, the hunter would not go hunting.万一明天下雪，猎人就不去打猎了。 错综虚拟语气错综虚拟语气How I wish I had studied harder when I was in school!If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays.A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont解析“要是我在校时能够更加努力地学习，那该多好啊！”“要是你当时努力学习的话，你现在就不会每天都工作那么晚了。”根据句意，条件与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。常见的两种错综
10、虚拟语气：1从句与过去事实相反相成，而主句与现在事实相反。例如：If you had not been strict with me when I was young, I could not be such a successful person now.如果我年轻时你没有对我严格要求的话，我现在就不可能是这么成功的一个人。（这种虚拟语气的特点是主句中常含有时间准状语now 或 nowadays）2. Should anyone come and ask for me, tell them I will come back tomorrow.万一有人来找我，告诉他们我明天回来。（主句为祈使句
11、，条件句与将来事实相反，表示说话人认为某件事情发生的可能性很小。） 含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存 在虚拟条件。在虚拟条件。这类用法主要见于以下七种方式：这类用法主要见于以下七种方式： 1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中将条件隐含在不定式短语中。 I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去，我将很高兴。(=I should be happy if I could go with you.) To have studied h
12、arder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用 功些，你早就考及格了。(=if you have studied harder, you) 2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中将条件隐含在分词短语中。 Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早 就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he ) Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you
13、failed this time, what) Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中走 ，玛丽会感十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she) 3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中将条件隐含在介词短语中。 Without air, no one could live. 没有空气，人就不能活。(=If there were no air, no one could live.) But for his help, he would have failed. 要不是有他的帮助
14、，他就会失败了。(=If it hadnt been for his help, he would have failed.) 常用的常用的介词或介词短语介词或介词短语，如 but for, but that, without, in case of, under, u nder more favorable condition 等。 4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中将条件隐含在名词短语中。A true friend would not have betrayed me. 若是真正的朋友，就不会背弃我。(=If he had been a true friend, he would)A few h
15、ours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 将将条件隐含在某些连词条件隐含在某些连词(如如 or, or else, otherwise 等等)中中：具体用法如下：它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用陈述语气，后具体用法如下：它们后的句子如果说的不是客观事实，它们前边的句子采用陈述语气，后边的句子采用虚拟语气。边的句子采用虚拟语气。 1 句子（一般现在时）句子（一般现在时）+
16、 or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：句子（谓语部分：shouldw ouldcouldmight 等等+ 动词原形）动词原形）2 句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）+ or, or else, otherwise + 句子（谓语部分：句子（谓语部分：shouldw ouldcouldmight 等等+ have done）I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im real
