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1、1)定语从句翻译法定语从句翻译法： A)合译法:把定语从句放在被修饰的词语之前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单 句。如: Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid. 国会公布了关于接受美国援助的 105 个国家的人权情况调查报告。 B)分译法:根据定语从句的不同情况，我们可以将其翻译成并列分句、其它从句 或独立句等。如:The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assis
2、tance of tugboats.罢工会使远洋航船不能靠岸，因为他们需要拖船的帮助。 （翻译成原因状语从句）A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一位地质勘探工程师对光谱进行了分析之后, 发现了新的露天煤矿。（翻译为时间状语结构）The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete proces
3、s with technology.公共服务的提供方式已趋陈旧，这正是我们必须 采用技术加以装备的领域。（翻译为并列分句）2)主语从句翻译法主语从句翻译法A)以 that, what, who, where, whatever 等代词引导的主语从句，可以将从句 翻译成“的”字结构。如:Whoever breaks the law will be punished.凡是犯法的人都要受到法律的制裁。 （主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出）B)也可以译成“主-谓-宾”结构,从句本身做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺 序译出。如:Whether the Government should increa
4、se the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府究竟是以牺牲对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科 学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。（真题 示范）C)分译法:把原来的状语从句从整体结构中分离出来,译成另一个相对独立得 单句。如: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a
5、 threat to international security.这 个局势对国际安全是个威胁，这样的说法是完全正确的。（It 是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security 是真正的宾语）3)宾语从句翻译法宾语从句翻译法:由 that, what, how, where 等词引导的宾语从句一般按照 原文顺序翻译,即顺译法。如:Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem wit
6、hout being damaged.科学家们有理由认为人可以忍受远超过 0.1 雷姆 的辐射而不受伤害。We wish to inform you that we specialize in the export of Chinese textiles and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.我公司专门办理中国纺织品出口业务，并愿在平等互利的基础上 同贵公司建立业务关系。4)状语从句翻译法状语从句翻译法A）按照原文顺序翻译。如
7、:While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times.尽管两组的表 现都比随机猜测的结果正确度高，但是每组几乎有一半的参加者做出了两个或 更多的错误选择。B)逆译法:把位于句末的从句放在句首。如:The policemen set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还未交赎 金，警察就把他放了。Obviousl
8、y, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.显然， 如果计算机给出的全部答案均需要核查，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过，人 们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，在认为计算机有问题时进行复查。
9、C)分译法:有时也可以译为并列句。如:Electricity is such an important energy that modern industry couldnt develop without it.电是一种非常重要的能量，没有它，现代化工业就不能发展。（原文 由 suchthat引导的结果状语从句译为汉语的并列句）5)表语从句翻译法表语从句翻译法:大部分情况下可以采用顺译法，间或也可以用逆译法。 如：My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately follow
10、ing it is inevitable.我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可 避免的。（顺译法）His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him.他 对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。（顺译法）Water and food is what the people in the area are badly needed.该地区的人们最 需要的是水和食品。（逆译法）英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在
11、英语中应用十分广泛，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。（一）定语词组I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地，河里鳞次梯比的
12、船只，她也同样不能理解。Before following her in her round of seeking,let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken 而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰
13、项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如和。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。（二）并列从句1）省略英语的先行项The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。A little way on she saw a great door which,for some reason,attracted her attention.又走了一些路，她看见一个大门，不知怎的，引起了她的注意。As a result, a hum of gossip was
14、set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话，暗中在公寓里流传，闲话一般都是如此的。A will had been made which divide the small tax eaten property equally among the remaining four,so that it was really of no interest to any of them.遗嘱已立好，把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子，但谁都对此不感兴趣。上述定语从句例句比（
15、一）里的定语从句例句长些，因此，就不宜译成定语词组成形式。否则，译句就会显得太长且不符合汉语的表达习惯。如就不宜译成“把这片快要给税吃光的薄产平分给四个孩子的中遗嘱早已立好，谁都对此不感兴趣。”这类从句不是长、难复杂定语从句，一般就按原文的顺序位置译。上面译句的第二分句，有的承前省略了主语，如，有的借用第一分句的不定语作逻辑主语，如2）重复英语的先行项At dimmer I found myself placed between Mrs. Bradly ,and a shy drab girl who seemed even younger than the other.席间，我发现自己坐在布
16、拉得雷太太和一腼腆乏味的女孩子中间；她看上去比其余人都年轻。A writerin fact every one of us in lifeneeds that loving-mother force from which all creation flows 一个作家实际上生活中的每个人都需要慈母的力量，它是创造一切的源泉。Man possesses an expressive faculty that goes far beyond gestures, that allows and even compels him to express his thoughts, feedings,dreams, and inituitions.人类具有远远超过于手势的表达官能，这种官能不仅使人能够，而且使他要把思想、感情、幻梦、直觉表达出来。 这些先行项的重复，有时用的是代词如，有时用的是限定词如。汉译时，需重复先行项的地方，就要重复。否则会影响意思的连贯和清楚。我们一般采用分述法将带定语从句的英
