中考英语讲义-动词

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1、1动动 词词动词中考主要考查动词中考主要考查动词的时态动词的时态动词词义辨析动词词义辨析 【考点串讲考点串讲】 条理清晰 轻松把握 一、连系动词：一、连系动词： be 动词: 感官动词：feel , taste, sound ,smell, seem 等 表状态：keep, stay 等 表变化：become, get, turn, grow, go, fall 等 二、情态动词：二、情态动词： 1、can /could （1）表示“能力”，意为“能，会”，其否定形式为 cant/couldnt。 （2）用在疑问句中，表示“征求意见”，could 比 can 语气更加委婉、客气。 （3）在口语

2、中，can 可以代替 may 表示“允许”。 2、may 表示“请求、许可”，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定的回答用 mustnt 意为“可能、可以”，其否定式为 may not 或 mustnt。 May I go now?No, you mustnt.3、must （1）表示“必要”，意为“必须”，其否定形式为 neednt/ dont have to。 （2）表示“义务”，意为“应该”，其否定形式为 mustnt。 （3）表示“推测”，意为“一定、准是”，其否定形式为 cant。 （4）表示说话人的主观看法，通常表示现在。 theres someone knocking at the

3、door, it must be Jim. -Must I finish the work today? -No, you neednt.4、need1) need to do sth. (实义动词2)need doing sth. 表示被动3)情态动词 need 提问或回答， 肯定回答用 must, 否定回答用 needntYou neednt come to school so early.5. had better1) had better do sth.2) had better no tdo sth.youd better stay at home6. shall（should） w

4、ill (would1) shall 用于第一人称表示征求意见或询问Shall I open the window?2) should 常用于来表示义务、责任we should obey traffic laws.3) will 用于第二称表示询问、请求 也可表示“意愿”Will you do anything for me ?4) would 用于表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问Would you tell me the way to the station?易混点易混点1. Must 和 have to 2Must 主观看法 “必须应该，必须” Have to 客观“必须，不得不” we mus

5、t work hard at school. Well have to ask Zhang Hong instead. 2. maybe 和 may be Maybe 副词 May be 情态动词+ be 3) cant 和 mustnt Cant 否定推测时“不可能” Mustnt “禁止、不容许”不能用来表示推测，must 在肯定句中表示推测 (09 北京） Tony _ go to the opera on Sunday because hes going to have a meeting. A. cant B. might C. mustnt D. should 三、动词不定式：三、

6、动词不定式： 1、动词不定式的构成： （1）肯定式：to（不定式符号）+ 动词原形 （2）否定式：not + to + 动词原形2、动词不定式的功能 （1）作主语，常用 it 作形式主语。 常用句型: It + be + adj+ for/ of sb +to do sth. Its very kind of you to help me It takes sb. some time to do sth（2）作宾语 如果宾语后面有宾语补足语，则常使用 it 作形式宾语，其基本结构是： find, think + it + adj + to do sth. I find it easy to r

7、ead English every day. 注意：有些动词后面要求接不定式作宾语：want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / wish(希望) 等。 （3）作表语To see is to believe. （4）作定语，通常后置。E.g have you got anything to say？ （5）作宾语补足语 （6）作状语 表目的：I went to the library to study English. 表原因： Im sorry to trouble

8、 you . 表结果： 3、用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词 （1）表示感官的词 hear sb. do sth. 听到某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 （2）使役动词 make sb. do sth. 使（让）某人做某事 let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 （3）其他： help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事4. 疑问词+ to do He didnt know where to

9、 go35.常见的不带 to 的动词不定式Why not do, had better (not) do, would rather do, could/ would / will you please (not) doI would rather stay at home.真题回放真题回放（1）The teacher ask Ben _ a difficult question in class.(2009 北京) A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered (2) Youd better _ too much time playing c

10、omputer games. (2009 重庆) A. dont spend B. not to spend C. to not spend D. not spend (3)More and more people are trying to do something _ the old.(2009 河北) A. serve B. serving C. to serve D. serves (4) - Do you know Neil Armstrong? - Yes, he is the first man _ on the moon.(2009 南京) A. walk B. walking

11、 C. to walk D. walked (5) A mobile phone of this type costs too much. Youd better _.(2009 杭州) A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited (6) -Im very tired these days because of studying for physics. -Why not _ music? It can make you_. (2009 黄冈) A. listen to; relax B. listen to; to relax C. listening t

12、o; relax D. listening to; to relax （7）-Why did you buy a radio? - _ English.(2009 江西) A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Be learning四、动名词四、动名词1. 用法：a. 作主语，谓语动词用单数 Eating too much is bad for your health. b. 作宾语 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作 I like playing basketball very much. Stamps are used for sending lett

13、ers. c. 作表语 His hobby is collecting stanps. d. 作定语 She is in the reading room. 英语中一些动词常跟动名词作宾语的有：finish, enjoy, mind, be worth, practice , have fun, have trouble/ problem (in), spend, feel like, be used to 等 动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 1. Stop to do sth./ stop doing sth. stop talking, please. Stop to think about

14、 it for a moment. 2.Remember to do sth, /remember doing sth. I remember posting your letter. Please remember to post my letter. 3. Forget to do sth./ forget doing sth. I forget to bring my homework. I forget bringing my homework. 4. try to do sth.努力去做某事/ try doing sth. 试着去做某事4he tried speaking Engli

15、sh to us. Please trey to do better next time. Regret to do sth. / regret doing sth. I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. I dont regret telling her what I thought. 5. Mean to do sth. 打算/mean doing sth. 意味着 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. Doing that means wasting time.五、分词五、分词1. 现在分词 v-ing 表达正在进行的动作 2. 过去分词 v-ed 表达完成与被动 真题回放 1. I wonder _ it is worth _.(2009 山西)A. that; reading B. if; reading C. that; to read D. whether; t read 2. I cant help _ housework at home because I am busy with my homework.(2009 浙江)A. Learn