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1、2010.5.31 2010.5.31 2010.5.31 黑河水库水质变化规律及扬水曝气应用效果研究 Research on the law of water quality change and the application of water-lifting aerator in Heihe reservoir 基金资助： 国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划） （No: 2007AA06Z302） 国家重大科技水专项“水体污染控制与治理” ：深水型水库水源水 质污染与富营养化原位控制共性技术研究与示范 （No:2009ZX07424-006-3） 国家自然科学基金重点项目： 水源水库水质
2、污染与富营养化控制机 理与技术方法（No:50830303） Financial Support： National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)( No: 2007AA06Z302) National Project of Water (No:2009ZX07424-006-3)： “Technology Research and Demonstration of Water Pollution and Eutrophication in Deep Water Reservoir
3、” National Natural Science Foundation Highlights of China（NSFC, No:50830303）西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 黑河水库水质变化规律及扬水曝气应用效果研究 专 业：市政工程 研 究 生：马卫星 指导教师：黄廷林 教授 摘 要 水源水库与一般意义上的湖泊水库不同，其最大的差异就在于水源水库对原 水水质提出了更高的要求，因此其水质污染控制的要求也就更加严格。然而，目 前很多水库都面临着不同程度的水质污染问题， 严重的已经不能作为饮用水水源。 黑河水库是西安市的主要地表水源，研究水库的水质迁移转化规律和扬水曝气应 用效果，对于进一
4、步开展水源地保护和水源水污染控制具有重要的指导意义。 分别在水库现场、现场实验室和学校实验室进行水质监测，对黑河水库水质 变化规律及扬水曝气运行效果进行分析研究。本论文主要包括如下三方面内容： （1）黑河金盆水库水质迁移转化规律研究； （2）暴雨径流对黑河水库影响分析； （3）扬水曝气技术应用效果研究。主要得出如下结论： （1）黑河金盆水库属大水深分层型水库，在夏末秋初会形成稳定水体分层。 79 月为水库稳定分层期，在此期间受降雨影响水质不稳定，浊度、高锰酸盐指 数变化较大。1012 月为分层减弱期，底部水体呈现厌氧状态，内源污染开始向 水体释放。13 月为完全混合期，完全混合初期水体高锰酸盐
5、指数、总磷等含量 升高，pH 值降低，内源污染物质进一步向水体释放造成水库水体水质下降。46 月为水库分层形成期，水体分层逐渐形成。 （2）对“集水区（上游）库区汇流池”系统研究表明：黑河水库入库口 除了总氮含量略高以外，其他水质指标均较好，但入库口长期低负荷污染物质的 输入造成黑河水库污染物质的积累，水体分层进一步加剧了黑河金盆水库内源污 染的释放。内源污染仍然是目前造成水库水质恶化的主要原因。汇流池水质较入 库口和主库区均值都差，且受上游来流影响比较明显，汇流池水质变化有一个滞 后的过程。 （3）50 年一遇强降雨打破了水库原有的分层结构，使上下层水体温差下降 了多达 5.5。第一次强降雨
6、使得中上层水体混合，随着连续降雨过程中下层水体西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 也实现了混合。暴雨期间上游来水所携带的大量营养盐含造成水库污染物质的积 累，且受暴雨径流的影响而产生的原水浊度、高锰酸盐指数的升高给水厂的安全 运行带来了很大的影响。 （4）扬水曝气技术灵活多变， 可以根据应用水体的不同污染特征而采取不同 的形式，实践证明扬水曝气技术在应用于控制内源污染、破坏水体分层、给下部 厌氧水体充氧、藻类控制等方面具有很好的作用。 关键词： 黑河水库；水质变化；暴雨径流；扬水曝气 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 Research on the law of water quality change
7、 and the application of water-lifting aerator in Heihe reservoir Specialty: Municipal Engineering Graduate: Ma Weixing Supervisor: Prof. HuangTinglin Abstract Source water reservoir is different from the general sense of lakes and reservoirs, the biggest difference is that the source water reservoir
8、 requires water quality higher, so it is more difficult to control water pollution. However, most reservoirs are confronted with water pollution problems, some even so serious that not fit as drinking water sources. Heihe reservoir is the main surface water source of Xian city, research on migration
9、 and transformation law of the water quality and the application of water-lifting aeration are meaningful for water resources protection and water pollution control in the further. We use reservoir monitoring and laboratory analysis to research the law of water quality change and the application of
10、water-lifting aerator in Heihe reservoir. This paper includes the following three main aspects: (1) Research on migration and transformation law of water quality change in Heihe reservoir; (2) storm-runoff Analysis on influence of rainstorm in Heihe reservoir; (3) Study on application of water-lifti
11、ng aeration. The major conclusions are: (1) Heihe reservoir belongs deep and layered reservoir, in summer will form a stable layer. From July to September the reservoir forms stable stratification. In this period, turbidity and permanganate increase because of the rainfall. From October to December
12、the stratification weaken, internal pollution release in the bottom water because of low oxygen. From January to March is the mixing period, at the beginning time permanganate total phosphorus are increasing, pH value reduces, it is the further release of pollution substances at the bottom. Hierarch
13、ical formation period is from April to June, water bodies begin to form stratification. 西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文 (2) The system study of “water catchment area (upstream)- reservoir - confluence“ shows: except the total nitrogen is a little higher at the upstream of Heihe reservoir, other water quality indicat
14、ors are good, but low load of pollutants entering into Heihe reservoir with long-term cause the accumulation of pollutants which will further exacerbated Heihe reservoir internal pollution releases. Internal pollution release is still the main cause of the deterioration of water quality. Confluence
15、pool water quality is bad than the upstream area and the average value in Heihe reservoir, and affected by upstream flow more obvious, confluence water quality change lag than upstream. (3) Fifty years once heavy rainfall broke the reservoir-original hierarchical structure, the upper and lower water
16、 temperature reduces 5.5 degrees centigrade. The first heavy rain causes the middle and up layer water mixed, with the process of continuous rainfall the middle and bottom layer water mixed. During the rainstorm period, the upstream water brings large amounts of nutrient which cause the accumulation of pollutants. The increase of raw water turbidity and permanganate caused by rainfall brings problem t
