句子成分分析二

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1、 (北京四中网校常州分校) 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育第 1 页 共 11 页句子成分分析二(初一)作业 1:使用天天单词超过 1小时 作业 2:整理学校以及网校英语课中错题本。 知识讲解 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成 分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时) 和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 Walls have

2、ears. 隔墙有耳。 (名词做主语) He will take you to the hospital. 他会带你去医院。 (代词做主语) Three plus four is seven. 三加四等于七。 (数词做主语) To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 (动词不定式做主语) Smoking is not allowed in public places. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 (动名词做主语) Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 他们来不来取决于天气。 (从句做主语) 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动

3、作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock. 单词记忆 词汇精讲 (北京四中网校常州分校) 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育第 2 页 共 11 页 复合谓语: 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面

4、要保持一致。 表语 表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短 语及表语从句表示。 Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours? (代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty-one? (数词) His job

5、is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby is playing football.(动名词) The meeting is of great importance.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 注意:系动词用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有 be 一词。 He is a teacher. 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 keep, re

6、st, remain, stay, lie, stand. He always kept silent at meeting. 表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look. He seems (to be) very sad. 感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste This kind of cloth feels very soft. (北京四中网校常州分校) 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育第 3 页 共 11 页 变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, c

7、ome, run The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 She covered her face with her hands. 她用双手蒙住脸。 (名词短语作宾语) We havent seen her for a long time. 我们好长时间没看到她了。 (代词作宾语) Do you mind opening the window? 打开窗户你介意吗?(动名词短语作宾语) Give me four please. 请给我四个。 (数词作宾语) He

8、wants to dream a nice dream. 他想做一个好梦。 (动词不定式短语作宾语) We need to know what others are doing. 我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。 (从句作宾语) I lived in Japan in 1986. 我 1986年住在日本。 (名词和数词作介词的宾语) 双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) Lend me your dictionary, please. 后接 to 的有:write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw

9、 等。 He sent the novel to William yesterday. 后接 for的有:leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save 等。 She bought a gift for her mother. 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语:ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise,

10、 refuse, want, wish, desire 等。 下列动词只能接动名词做宾语:admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest 等。 下列动词既可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语,但意义不同:stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret 等。 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:“某些及物动词(如 make 等)+宾语+

11、宾补) ”。宾补可由名词、形容 词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语,what 从句作宾补相当于名词。 His father named him Dongming. (名词) They painted their boat white. (形容词) (北京四中网校常州分校) 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育第 4 页 共 11 页 Let the fresh air in. (副词) You mustnt force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) We saw her entering the room. (分词短语) We found everything

12、 in the lab in good order. (介词短语) We will soon make our city what your city is now. (what 从句) 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由形容词、分词、名词、代词、不定式短语、 动名词、介词短语、从句等成分表示: They are women workers.(名词作定语) Toms father didnt write home until yesterday.(所有格名词作定语) Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.(形容词作定语)

13、 The play has three acts.(数词作定语) This is her first trip to Europe.(代词、数词和介词短语作定语) China is a developing country.(现在分词作定语) You havent kept your promise to write us often.(动词不定式短语作定语) My cat has a good nose for milk.(介词短语作定语) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.(从句作定语) 状语 修饰动词、形

14、容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语(Adverbial) 。 可由以下形式表示 : These products are selling quickly. (副词作状语) He is knee deep in snow.(名词作状语) The best fish swim near the bottom.(介词短语作地点状语) She sat there doing nothing.(现在分词短语作伴随状语) Well send a car over to fetch you.(动词不定式短语作目的状语) She was slow to make up her min

15、d.(动词不定式短语作状语) Strike while the iron is hot.(从句作时间状语) 位置:修饰动词时,通常放在所修饰的动词之后或句末。 The girls are singing happily. (北京四中网校常州分校) 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育第 5 页 共 11 页 He runs fast. 为了强调可放句首。 Over the river there is a new bridge. When I came, they were doing their homework. In front of the building, there is a big tree. Sometimes, often, always, usually, ever), already, also, even, almost, never,hardly, seldom . 一般放 在助动词(am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has; shall, will; should, would)及他们的否定式、情 态动词之后,其他动词之前。 He is ofte

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