被 动 语 态 一、被动语态概述 ：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系英语的语态共有两种： 主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承 受者被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被 动语态汉语往往用“被“ 、“ 受“、“给“ 等词来表示被动意义 如： He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门 （主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了 （被动语态） 二、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的He was elected chairman.他被选为主席 2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后，不需 要时可以省略 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了 4、表示客观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词.“句型It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍5、其它常见的“It is + 过去分词+ that“句型还有:It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that… 大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议 三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格 如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为“be+过去分词“ They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.(他们昨天开会了)（3）将主动语态的主语改为 be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是 people, we, you, they, somebody 等含糊地表示“人们“、“ 大家“ 的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去“by…“，但原主语被强调者除外如：They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975.(这所医院建于1975年) （2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即 其被动语态有两种形式但多以间接宾语作主语 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell 等下列动词没有 被动式：happen，cost ，take ，haveAn accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.（ ）The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香The watch looks good.这表看起来很好This book sells well.这本书畅销 六、各种时态的被动语态举例： 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are + done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了 3．一般将来时(will/ shall be + done; be going to be done)A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being + done)The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
6．过去完成时(had been+ done)He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病 折磨很多年了 Exercises: 一、单项选择 1. Good books ____ again and again. A. should be readed B. should be read C. must read D. ought to read 2. The children ____ by the nurse. A. were looked B. looked after C. were looked after D. looked 3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them. A. gave, didn't listen B. was given, wasn't listened C. give, wasn't listened D. was given, didn't listen 4. When____ the accident _____ ? A. was, happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question ____ by us soon. A. is going to discuss B. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab ____ about for five years. A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown. A. is…grown B. is…grew C. was…grew D. was…grown 10. He ____ by the teachers. A. is always praised B. praises C. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ . A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture______ in October, 1996. A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ . A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war______ in 1941. A. broke out B. had been broken out C. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When the water______ , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We can't enter the room because its door______ . A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They ______day and night. A. are made work B. are made to work C. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Chang'an Road is ______of people. A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries. A. was sent up B。