本单元的语法 一.Grammar: Pronouns (代词) 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词代词根据其意思 和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代 词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等九类 人称代词(1)人称代词主格:作主语,表示谁怎么样了、干什么了如:I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too. We / You / They are students. 单数 复数 人称 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you he him she her 第三人称 it it they them(2)人称代词宾格作宾语,表示动作行为的对象如: Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us) 物主代词 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词,也可叫做代词所有格物主代 词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人称和数的变化 见下表 (1) 形容词性物主代词( my / your / his / her / its / our / their )+ 名 词。
如: her book my teacher his bike (2)名词性物主代词则相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”, 故其后 不必加名词如: Is this your book? 单 数 复 数 数、人称、 类别 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人 称 第二人称 第三人称 形容词性物 主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主 代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirsNo,,it isn’t, it’s hers(her book) This pen is mine. (3)注:人称代词并列用法的排列顺序 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称->第三人称 -> 第一人称 即:you and I; he/she/it and I; you, he/she/it and I 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为: 第一人称->第二人称-> 第三人称 即:we and you; you and they; we, you and they 但承认错误时,I 通常在最前。
I and Mary are to blame(责备). 练一练 1. This is not _____ desk. My desk is over there. 2. -Can you spell _____ name, Harry? -Sorry. 3. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room. 4. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice. 5. Mrs Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student. 6. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi. 7. Tom is in the room. This is _____ pencil-box. 8. Sam and Peter, look at _____ hands( 手). They are so dirty.9. -Mike, is this _____ picture? -Yes, it is. 10. -Can we put(放) _____ shorts here? -Yes, you can. 11. Mom, they are _____ classmates Rose(女) and _____brother David. 12. Jack, where are _____ socks? 答案:1.my 2.your 3.their 4.Our 5.her 6.Its 7.his 8.your 9.your 10.our 11.my,her 12.your 改错, 判断下列句子中的代词是否有错误,如果有请改正。
1.I like he. 2. This car is your. 3.We call they lions( 狮子). 4. Those model planes are my. 5. Can me help you? 6. What is she name? 7. She is reading( 读) a book for they. 8. This book isn’t her, it’s mine.二.Be 动词的用法 当使用 be 动词的时候,前面请先加上第几人称be 动词前面的人称, 是不可随意替换的例如:I am, You are, She is,并不会出现 I is, You am, She are 这样的情形. be 动词包括“am”, “is”, “are” 三种形式 第一人称单数 I 配合 am 来用句型解析析:I am+… 第二人称(You)配合 are 使用句型解析:You are+… 第三人称单数(He or She or It) 配合 is 使用句型解析:She(He, It) is +…… 人称复数 (we /you/they) 配合 are 使用。
句型解析:We (You, They) are +…… 我(I)用 am,你(you)用 are , is 连着他(he) ,她(she),它(it); 这些是固定用法: I am a boy. (你不能说 I is a boy) You are a student. He is a boy. She is a girl. It is a cat.单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are 主语个数是一个时,谓语用单 数 is,主语个数为 2 个或以上,谓语用复数 are.)如: The book is blue.( 一本书)The books are blue.(多本书)变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃陈述句中谓语为 is,are,am 时, 变疑问句只将其提前)如: It is a book.变为:Is it a book? 变否定,更容易, be 后 not 莫忘记如: It is a book.变为: It is not a book.( 否定句) 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑如: It is a book.变为:Is not it a book?( 疑问否定句) Be 的用法口诀 Be 有 am,is,are 我(I)用 am 你(you)用 are is 连着他(he)她(she) 它 (it) 我们(we) 你们(you)他们(they) 要用 are 单数名词用 is 复数形式要用 are 变否定真容易 be 后 not 为标记 变问句 be 提前,句尾问号要配全(?) 应用时多注意缩写形式要牢记: I'm=I am you're=you are he's=he is she's=she is it's=it is we're=we are you're=you are they're=they are ... ... 练一练 用 am,is,are 填空1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack’s sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I? 13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14.Here ______ a scarf for you. 15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. Greetings(打招呼) 1.常见的表达方式 (1)Good morning!/Good afternoon!/Good evening! 分别用于上午、下午、晚上见面问好。
(2)Hello!/Hi! 用于朋友或熟悉的人之间相互打招呼 (3)Nice to meet/see you. 该句答语常用 Nice to meet/see you, too. 2.文化背景及注意事项 (1)英语口语中多用省略句,如 Good morning! 也可以直接说 Morning! (2)相互熟悉的人见面打招呼用 How are you? ,初次见面一般用 How do you do? (3)和外国人打招呼时,不要用中国式的问候语,如:你吃饭了吗? 你上哪儿去? (4)How are you? 原用于询问对方身体状况,现在逐渐失去原来的涵 义,成为日常生活中的寒暄用语。