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1、有关液压系统在机械工程中的地位及其日常的维修的探析 About the hydraulic system in the position in mechanical engineering and its analysis of daily maintenance 1 液压系统的组成部分和结构组成 1 part of the hydraulic system and structure 1.1 液压系统的组成原件 1.1 the composition of the original hydraulic system 1.1.1 有关动力元件：其作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能，向整个
2、液压系 统提供动力。 1.1.1 about power element: the role is to prime movers mechanical energy into the pressure of the liquid can, to power the entire hydraulic system. 1.1.2 执行元件：执行元件的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能，驱动机械作直线运 动。 1.1.2 actuators: the role of the actuators is the liquid pressure can be converted to mechanical
3、 energy to drive the machinery as a straight line. 1.1.3 控制元件：它控制和调节液压系统里液体的压力、流量和方向。 1.1.3 control element: it controls and regulates fluid in the hydraulic system pressure, flow and direction. 1.1.4 附件：包括油箱、滤油器、油管、密封圈、高压球阀、测压接头、压力表、油位 油温计。 1.1.4 accessories: including oil tank, oil filters, tubing
4、, sealing ring, high pressure ball valve, pressure joint, pressure gauge, oil level, oil temperature gauge. 1.1.5 液压油是液压系统中传递能量的工作介质，有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压 油等几大类。 1.1.5 the hydraulic oil is the working medium of transmit energy in hydraulic system, there are all kinds of mineral oil, emulsion and molding
5、hydraulic oil and so on several major categories. http:/ 结构组成 1.2 structure 液压系统由信号控制和液压动力两部分组成，信号控制部分用于驱动液压动力部分中 的控制阀动作。 Hydraulic system consists of two parts, signal control and hydraulic power, signal control parts used to drive hydraulic control valve in action. 液压动力部分采用回路方式，以表明不同功能元件之间的相互关系。液压
6、源含有液压 泵、电动机和液压辅助元件；液压控制部分含有各种控制阀，其用于控制工作油液的流量、 压力和方向；执行部分含有液压缸。 Hydraulic power part adopts loop method, to indicate the relationship between different functional components. Hydraulic pressure source contains hydraulic pump, motor and hydraulic auxiliary components; Hydraulic control section contai
7、ns a variety of control valves, their work is used to control the oil flow, pressure and direction; Perform part contains the hydraulic cylinder. 2 液压系统一般出现的损失 2 general losses in the hydraulic system 2.1 有关动力泵方面：系统有事需要大流量，低压力；有时又需要小流量，高压力。 要根据具体的要求随时进行调节。所以选择限压式变量泵为宜，使得流量随系统压力的变 化而变化。 2.1 about pow
8、er pump: system have something need to large flow, low pressure; Sometimes need to small flow, high pressure. Adjusted according to specific demands at any time. So it is advisable to choose limited pressure variable pump, flow along with the change of system pressure changes. 2.2 液压油流经各类液压阀时存在压力和流量
9、损失，该能量损失在全部能量损失中占 有较大的比重。所以，应该合理选择液压器，调整压力阀的压力是降低功率损失的主要方 面之一。 2.2 when the hydraulic oil flow through all kinds of hydraulic valve pressure and flow loss, the energy loss occupy larger proportion in the total energy loss. So, should choose the hydraulic, pressure adjusting pressure valve is one of
10、the main aspects of reduced power loss. 2.3 要合理选择液压油。在管路中流动时，液压油通常呈现出黏性，一旦黏性过高会 产生较大的内摩擦力，造成油液发热，增加油液流动的阻力。当黏性过低时，造成泄漏， 会降低系统容积效率，所以，一般选择黏度适宜且黏温特性比较好的油液。http:/ 2.3 choose the hydraulic oil. Flow in the pipeline, hydraulic oil usually present a sticky, once the viscosity is too high will produce larg
11、er inner friction, causing the oil heat, add the oil flow resistance. When the viscosity is too low, causing the leak, will reduce the volumetric efficiency of the system and, therefore, generally choose suitable viscosity temperature characteristics and sticks better the oil. 3 液压系统的日常保养工作 3 hydrau
12、lic systems daily maintenance work 由于元、辅件质量不稳定以及元件使用和维护不当，且系统中各元件和工作液体都是 在封闭油路内工作，参数难以测量，这给液压系统故障诊断带来困难。液压系统泄漏的原 因：设计及制造的缺陷所造成的；冲击和振动造成管接头松动；动密封件及配合件相互磨 损；油温过高及橡胶密封与液压油不相容而变质。 , auxiliary parts quality is not stable and components due to improper use and maintenance, and the components of the system
13、 and working fluid are working within the closed oil circuit, parameters are difficult to measure, it brings to the hydraulic system fault diagnosis difficult. The causes for the leakage of the hydraulic system: design and manufacturing defects caused by; Shock and vibration cause loose pipe joint;
14、Dynamic seals and cooperate with each other and wear; The oil temperature is too high and rubber seal and hydraulic oil are incompatible and metamorphism. 4 液压系统的日常维护 4 the daily maintenance of hydraulic system 4.1 一个系统在正式投入之前一般都要经过冲洗，冲洗的目的就是要清除残留在系统 内的污染物、金属屑、纤维化合物和铁心。 4.1 before put into a system
15、is typically after rinse, rinse residues in the systems purpose is to remove contaminants, metal scraps, fiber compound, and core. 4.1.1 液压油是液压系统的生命。液压系统中有许多精密元件，有的小孔，有的有缝隙。 一旦固体杂质混入元件会造成精密偶件拉伤、发卡、油道堵塞，甚至危及液压系统的安全 运行。用清洁溶剂清洗油箱，再用空气清除残渣。 4.4.1 the hydraulic oil is the life of the hydraulic system. There are many precision components in hydraulic system, some holes, some have crack. Once solid impurities mixed with components will cause precision coupling oil strain, hairpin, road congestion, and even endanger the safe operation of the hydraulic system. Clean with cleaning solvent tank, the
