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1、 广州市龙思教育初三英语讲义（上）（大石分校）我的姓名： 我的老师： 龙思电话：34780730 1本期课程规划第 1 讲 句子类型 &反义疑问句第 2 讲 动词不定式第 3 讲 词性&构词法第 4 讲 动词的用法&时态第 5 讲 系动词的用法第 6 讲 句子的成分（主谓宾定状补）第 7 讲 形容词和副词的用法第 8 讲 状语从句第 9 讲 连词第 10 讲 期中复习（期中考试知识复习和梳理）第 11 讲 期中考试（试卷评讲）第 12 讲 宾语从句第 13 讲 定语从句第 14 讲 介词短语的使用第 15 讲 Unit1-Unit4 单元知识复习和梳理第 16 讲 Unit5-Unit8 单元
2、知识复习和梳理第 17 讲 期末考试&试卷评讲2第 1 讲 句子类型 &反义疑问句【考点直击】按照句子的用途，英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构，英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法；2. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法；3. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法；4. 由 what, how 引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别对于各种从句的用法我们在后面分别论述。【名师点睛】一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1. 陈述句：陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯
3、定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”。Tom has a new car. The flower isnt beautiful. 2. 陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be，则只需在这些动词后加not 即可构成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We cant get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动
4、词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加 dont, doesnt 或 didnt。同时把该实义动词变为原形。He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesnt play the violin well.（否定）She won the game.（肯定）She didnt win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是 there be 结构或谓语动词是 have（有） ，除了 be 和 have 之后加 not 之外，句中如果有 some 要变为 any。例如：There is some water in the cup. There is not any w
5、ater in the cup.He has some books. He has not any books.(4) 除 not 以外，否定词 no, never, nothing, nobody, few 等也可构成否定句。例如：There is something wrong with his bike. There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. I have never seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”
6、或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1. 肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主语是 you 时，you 常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。3Be quiet. You be quiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do 起强调作用。Do come back at once! Do be careful.（3）please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但 please 用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。Open the window, please.（4）Let 引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。Le
7、t Jack wait a minute. Lets go to school.（5）在祈使句中，Lets 和 Let us 是有区别的。Lets 包括说话者，而 Let us 不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Lets go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议）Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）2. 否定祈使句通常以 Dont 或 Never 开头。其结构通常是： “Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如：Dont do that again!Never leave todays work for tomo
8、rrow!Dont be late next time!三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑问句：（1）一般疑问句的肯定形式一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be 动词或 have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或 no 来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? （2）一般疑问句的否定结构 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词 not 放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用 not 的简略形式-nt，则须将-nt 与一般疑问句句首的 be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在
9、实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。Are you not a football fan?Arent you a football fan?Will she not like it?Wont she like it? 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用 yes 加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用 no 加否定结构。Arent you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？Yes, I am.No, I am not.Wont she like it? Yes, she will. No, she wont. 2. 特殊
10、疑问句4特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，读时用降调。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?常用的特殊疑问句询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或关系 who Who
11、 is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike? What is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 how whatlike? How is the weather today?What is t
12、he weather like today? Its fine. 颜色 what color？ What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wars 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday. 几号，日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年龄（多大） how old How old
13、 is he? He is 38. 持续多长时间（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度（多长） how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距离（多远） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 频度（多经常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过（多快） how soon How soon will
14、she arrive? In an week. 数量（多少） how many（可数名词）how much（不可数名词） How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） how tall（人，树）how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 m
15、etres. 3. 选择疑问句：选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分” 。选择部分由 or 连接，or 前面的部分读升调，or 后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答，而必须具体的选择答复。Is your bag yellow or black? Its black.。5Would you like some tea or coffee? Either will do.。Which do you like better, singing or dancing? I like dancing better.4. 反
16、意疑问句：反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句，问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。（1）肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句，否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。I am your teacher, arent I? He didnt study hard, did he?（2）如果陈述句中含有否定副词 never（从不，决不）， hardly（几乎不）或其他表示否定代词或形容词，如 nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little 等，则附加问句只能用肯定式。如：They hardly write to each other, do they? He has found nothing, has he?Few people knew the secret
