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1、模拟试题一Part I Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage 1What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. You say “I wish I could help you but tm short of money myself.” In fact, you are
2、not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debt and you dont want to hurt his feelings by reminding his of this. Is this really a lie?Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study on lying. (76)According to him, women are bet
3、ter liaers than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, suc
4、h as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.Research has also been done into the way peoples behavior changes in a num
5、ber of a small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying, “I wish I were somewhere else now.” They also tend to touch certain parts of the f
6、ace more often, in particular the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blodd pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressures make it itch.Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his
7、 book Manwatching calls “the mouth cover”. (77)He says there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the nand at one side of the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part
8、 of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying.Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. It is not one gesture alone that gives th
9、e liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context in which the lie is told.1. According to the passage, a “white lie” seems to be a lie _.A. the other people believeB. that other people dont believeC. told in order to avoid offending someoneD. told in order to take advantage of
10、 someone2. Research suggests that women _.A. are better at telling less serious lies than menB. generally like far more than men doC. lie at parties more often than men doD. often make promises they intend to break3. Researchers find that when a person tells lies _.A. his blood pressure increases me
11、asurablyB. he looks very seriousC. he tends to make some small changes in his behaviorD. he uses his unconscious mind4. One reason why people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that _.A. they wish they were somewhere elseB. the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lyingC. they wan
12、t to cover their mouthsD. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies5. The tone of this passage tells us that the writer _.A. hates to lieB. enjoys lyingC. often tells a lieD. tries to analyze lyingPassage 2Salt is an necessary to life as water. In many areas of Africa people once drand th
13、e urine(尿 )of animals because they had no other source of salt. Without salt, human beings die.The human body demands that the amount of salt in the blood always stay the same. When the body does not get enough salt, it protects itself by letting less salt leave the body in urine and sweat. But it c
14、annot reduce this output to zero. Some salt is always escaping. On a completely saltless diet, like that of some people in Africa, the body steadily loses small amounts of salt through the kidneys(肾) and sweat glands(腺) 。 It then tries to adjust to this loss by speeding up its secretion(分泌) of water
15、. (78) In this way, the body attempts to keep the amount of salt in the blood at the necessary level. The result is a slow drying up of body and, finally, death. The person dies of thirst.In cases where there is little or no water to drink, the body tries to do the opposite thing. Again, it must kee
16、p the salt level in the blood constant. Because it has little water, it attempts to stop water from leaving the body and to increase its secretion of salt. But, as with the escaping salt, it cannot be completely successful. Some water still leaves and the person eventually dies of thirst. In short, the bodys normal needs for salt and for water are both parts of the same important need to keep the salt level in the blood constant.6. Some African people once d
