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1、考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备2001 Text 11/412001 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试试题Text 1题材：科学技术类 词数：4251. Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man couldcontinue to handle the information and use i
2、t as the basis for further research. But specialisationwas only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process ofcommunication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.2. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in
3、science:exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotationthat the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular,may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with itscon
4、sequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateurparticipation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science basedespecially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelopment of geology
5、in the United Kingdom.3. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half revealsnot simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition ofwhat constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geolog
6、icalstudies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, localstudies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflecton, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue localstudies i
7、n the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction ofrefereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geologicaljournals in the
8、twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. Arather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming togethernationally within one or two specific socie
9、ties, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remainin local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.4. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under wayin British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus de
10、layed until thetwentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned asthe crucial period for this change in the structure of science.Text 1 文章内容全解一、试题出处分析本文属现象分析型文章，首先介绍了科学发展过程中出现的两个趋势：专业化和职业化，并以英国的地质学为例说明这两个趋势的发展过程。考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备2001 Text 12/41二、原文深度解读Para 1
11、1. Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing主语 谓语 宾语 后置定语，修饰 response 后置定语，修饰 problemaccumulation of scientific knowledge. (P1S1)后置定语，修饰 accumulation翻译专业化可以看做是科学知识不断积累的一个结果。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是 Specialisation can be seen as a response。accumulation/kjumjlen/ n.(1)堆积；积累(2)堆积物
12、；积累物串记同族：accumulate(v.堆积；积累) accumulator(n.积累者 ) accumulative(adj.积累而成的；累积的)2. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle方式状语 主语 谓语一the information and use it as the basis for further research.(P1S2)宾语 并列连词 谓语二 宾语 方式状语翻译通过细分学科，人们可以继续运用信息，并以之作为基础进行进一步的研究。解
13、析该句为简单句，句子的主干是one man could continue to handle the information and useit。split up(1)劈开；切开(2) 使分裂；使分离；平分；分开subject matter 主题，论题；创作的题材，素材3. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science转折连词 主语 系表结构作谓语 状语affecting the process of communication.(P1S3)后置定语，修饰 science翻译但是专业
14、化仅仅是科学领域内一系列影响交流过程的有关现象之一。解析该句是简单句，句子的主干是specialisation was only one of a series of relateddevelopments。Para 24. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs主句主语 主句谓语 状语in science: exceptions can be found to any rule.(P2S1)后置定语，修饰 professionals and amateurs 同位语从句，解释说明前面的内
15、容翻译科学界的专业人员与业余人员之间没有绝对的区分：任何规则都有其例外。解析该句是复合句，句子的主干是 No clear-cut distinction can be drawn。冒号后的内容可看做是一个同位语从句，解释说明前面的内容。exception/ksepn/ n.例外，除外；例外的事物；除外的人真题例句The researchers argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfreywhose o
16、utsize presence isprimarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influenceeven the most influential membersof a population simply dont interact with that many others.研究人员的观点源于对社交影响的一个简单观察：除了少数像奥普拉温弗瑞这样的名人她的非凡魅力主要是发挥了媒体而非人际关系影响的作用即使是一群人中最有影响力的人也不会与许多其他人考研大趋势之一：考研英语基础复习必备2001 Text 13/41交往。(2010 阅读 Atext3 para4 s1)There are, of course, exceptions.当然也有例外。(1997 阅读 text2 para1 s3)搭配 above/beyond exception 无可非议；无可指摘 by way of exception 作
