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1、1.主语(Subject) ：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于 _ 。1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.5.What he want is to have a long vacation.2.谓语(Predicate): 说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由_ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词。1. We love China.2. We have finis
2、hed reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.宾语（Object）：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在 _或_后面。1.We study English. 2. He lives in Shanghai.3.I love you.4.would you mind opening the door?5.He began to learn English a year ago.6.Our teacher said that he would go there.4.表语（Predicative）：跟在系动词
3、后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态。1.He is a teacher. 2.My idea is this.3.The trees seem green.4.he is here.5.He is out of danger.6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.5.定语（Attribute ）：主要用来修饰 _，一般放在被修饰的词_。1.This is a red car.2.The bui
4、lding is their house.3.The woman doctor is my wife.4.Lucys father is a poor worker5.The swimming boy is my brother.6.They live in the room above.7.I have something to tell you.8.The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li.6.状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、频率、目的、因果、条件、让步等。 1.Tom arrived yesterday.
5、2.She is sitting at the desk. 3.He came slowly.4.John often came to chat with me5.he didnt come yesterday because he was ill.6.She was ill, so she didnt go to school.7.If I have time, I will go to cinema with you.8.Though he is young, he knows a lot.7.补语（Complement ）：是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。Everyone call
6、s him Jack. （宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）1.I consider Jim a good friend.2.I always find her happy.3.People praised him as a hero.4.I had the TV fixed.5.I saw him entering the building.6.Do you want me to go?8.同位语（Appositive）：是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明。1.The boy, Tom, is my brother.2.The Great Wall,
7、 one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. 世界奇迹之一的长城吸引了大量的外国友人。9.插入语（Parenthesis）：是对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有 to be honest , I think (suppose, believe)1.To be honest, I dont quite agree with you. 老实说，我不是很同意你。2.Tom, I think, is a good person. 在我看来，Tom 是个好人。练习：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成
8、分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went to the museum together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. He will
9、go to Shanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. He managed to finish the work in time.11. Tom came to ask me for advice.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. He noticed a man enter the room.19. The apples tasted sweet.
