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1、simile, metaphor, personification 拟人, synecdoche 提喻( 部分代替整体，整体代替部分), anticlimax 后高潮突降, metonymy 借代, repetition 重复, hyperbole 夸张，irony 反语，alliteration 头韵，assonance 压韵，onomatopoeia 拟声，pun 双关，parallelism 排比，antithesis 对比， euphemism 委婉语, antonomasia 换称, parody.仿拟（套用有名的话），analogy 类比，sarcasm 讽刺，rhetorical
2、 question 反问9 课Metaphor: Mark Twain - Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night.main artery of transportation in the young nations heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States All would resurface in his books.that he soaked up.Steamboat decks teemed.main cur
3、rent of.but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand.the epidemic of gold and silver fever.Twain began digging his way to regional fame.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.took unholy verbal shots. Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of.a memory t
4、hat seemed phonographicHyperbole:.cruise through eternal boyhood and .endless summer of freedom.The cast of characters. - a cosmos.Parallelism:Most Americans remember . the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure.Personifica
5、tion:life dealt him profound personal tragedies.the river had acquainted him with .to literatures enduring gratitude.an entry that will determine his course forever.the grave world smiles as usual.Bitterness fed on the man.America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.Antithesis:
6、.between what people claim to be and what they really are.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.a world which will lament them a day and forget them foreveEuphemism:.mens final release from earthly struggle Alliteration:.the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.with a dash and da
7、ring.a recklessness of cost or consequences.Metonymy:.his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe10 课SynecdocheKeelboats,.carried the first major commerce Personification:The storm.that greeted.An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment.The Yew York Times, .felt it The Journal .saw.A
8、lliteration:.very little light on Lincoln.on LifeSarcasm: a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.so simple a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that.Syne
9、cdoche:But neither his vanity nor his purse is .What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges.MetonymyThe Washington Post, .keep Your Old Webstersin short, .written in the language that the 3rd International describes.The trialMetaphor:No one,
10、. that may case would snowball into. .our town .had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street .sprouted with .He thundered in his sonorous organ tones.champion had not scorched the infidels.after the preliminary sparring over legalitiesSimile:.swept the arena like a prairie fire.a palm fan like a swor
11、d. Metonymy.tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers.The Christian believes that man came from above. .below.Hyperbole:The trial that rocked the worldRidicule:Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted .Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.Sarcasm:There is some doubt about that.Transferred ep
12、ithetDarrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.AntithesisThe Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.Assonance:when bigots lighted faggots to burn.Repetition: The truth always wins.the truth.the truth.Pun:Darwin is
13、 right - inside.Irony:marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century Transferred epithetTwo high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydons cheeks.two points of high colour (high colour 指红晕)The loon Hyperboledresses that were always miles too long.those voices be
14、longed to a world separated by aeons from our neat world A. Exaggeration by using numerals:1. Thanks a million.2. The middle eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds even thousands of years.3. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil.B. Ex
15、aggeration by using comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives1. Sherlock Holmes is considered by many people as the greatest detective in fictional literature.2. There was never a child who loved her father more than I do.3. I never saw a prettier sight.4. You write ten times better than any
16、 man in the class.C. Exaggeration by using extravagant adjectives:1. where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. 2. The burnished copper containers catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers. 3. The apprentices were incredibly young.D. Exaggeration by using noun or verb phrases:1. It is a vast
