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1、高一上册英语语法总结 用现在进行时表示将来意为：意图 、 打算、 安排 、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week?比较过去时与现在完成时1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，ago, in1
2、980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不确定的时间状语3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过
3、去时常用的非持续性动词有 come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。举例：I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned ye
4、sterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续)He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入团，joined 为短暂行为。)I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yester
5、day, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.since 的四种用法1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间 + agoI have been here since five mo
6、nths ago.3) since +从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4) It is +一段时间+ since 从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结
7、果)Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2) 用于 till / until 从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示做直到 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示 到，才He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到 10 点才回来。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到 10 点。典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet答案 B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影
8、响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times 告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be答案 A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。用一般过去时代替完成时1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用 then，and ，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。When she saw the mouse， she screame
9、d.My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。When I heard the news, I was very excited.3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, wei
10、gh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词accept, receive, complete, finis
11、h, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.虚拟语气1） 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，
12、其中 if 是如果的意思。时态关系句型： 条件从句 主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形If he comes, he will bring his violin.典型例题The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案 B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。注意：1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用 be going to 表示将来，该用 shall, will.(错) If you leave now, you are never goin
13、g to regret it.(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用 shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。非真实条件句1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型 ： 条件从句 主句一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型： 条件从句 主句过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去
14、分词If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含义：He did not come yesterday, so I di
15、d not tell him about it.If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示对将来的假想句型： 条件从句 主句一般过去时 should+ 动词原形were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形should+ 动词原形If you succeeded, everything would be all
16、right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were, should, 或 had, 可将 if 省略，再把 were, should或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now, they co
