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1、句子的构成,成分,主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object表语 predicative宾补 complement定语 attribute状语 adverbial同位语 appositive,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,Have a try,主语,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smok
2、ing is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.,主语: 可以作主语的成分有名词, 主格代词,动词不定式, 动名词等等。主语一般在句首。,名词,主格代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,the + 形容词,句子,谓语,谓语: 简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成, 一般在主语之后。I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.
3、 She has finished the homework.,I like my job.I love you.,He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.He asked where he was.,（三）宾语,宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.,(四)宾语补足语,宾语补足语: 位于宾语之后对
4、宾语作出说明的成分。I found the book interesting.Do you hear Tom singing?He made himself understood.She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog out.We must keep it a secret.,形容词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,副词,名词,(五)定语,He is a clever boy.They are building a stone bridge.There are
5、54 students in our class.Do you known Bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),(副词),The girl in red is his sister.The girl standing under the tree is his daughte
6、r.Do you know the man who spoke just now?There is nothing interesting in this book.,（六）状语,用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that he missed the train.,I waited to
7、 see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.,He went.He went there.He went there yesterday.He went there to see his mother yeste
8、rday.He went there to see his mother by bike yesterday.,（七）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:Be动词 (am, is, are)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste, look变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come状态系动词 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite mys
9、elf today.Who was the first?He is out of condition.The book is what I need.,动词不定式,形容词,代词,序数词,句子,副词,介词短语,八、同位语,同位语 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时, 一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分, 这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语, 都是指同一批“学生”)We all are students. (all是we的同位语, 都指同样的“我们”),分类,简单句,复合句,并列复合句,主从复合句
10、,有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and, as well as, not onlybut also,but, or, so等,定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句,由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,五大基本句型,一: (主谓)二: (主系表)三: (主谓宾)四: (主谓间宾直宾)五: (主谓宾宾补),基本句型 一:(主谓),谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语, 形成主谓结构。,如: We come.,(不及物动词),1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares? 3. Wha
11、t he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly,基本句型二：(是系动词) (表语),1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face tur
12、ned red.,基本句型 三: (主谓宾),此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。,(及物动词)(宾语),1. Whoknowsthe answer? 2. He has refusedto help them. 3. Heenjoysreading. 4. Hesaid“Good morning.”5. Headmitsthat he was mistaken.,基本句型 四: (主谓间宾直宾),有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, e.g. give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语); 一个指物(直接宾语)。
13、,-Give me a cup of tea please.-Give a cup of tea to me please.,give sb sth= give sth to sb,(及物)(多指人)(多指物),She ordered herself a new dress. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine.,基本句型 五: (主谓宾宾补),宾语补足语:
14、位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。,The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy.I often find him at work.The teacher ask the students to close the windows.I saw a cat running across the road.,名词,形容词,介词短语,动词不定式,动名词, (及物) (宾语) (宾补),1. They painted the door green. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He as
15、ked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus.,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _2. She smiled. _3. His job is to train swimmers. _4. He noticed a man enter the room. _5. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,b,e,c,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,
