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1、分类号 密 级 U D C 编 号 1 0 5 2 0 法 律 硕 士 学 位 论 文法治语境下的两种刑事错案研究基于实证与比较的分析研究生姓名 ：年级 ： 二一三级指导教师姓名、职称 ：学科专业名称 ： 法律硕士研究方向 ： 诉讼法学制 ： 三年2二一六年 三月十五日法治语境下的两种刑事错案研究基于实证与比较的分析杨新城Two Types of Misjudged Criminal Cases in the Society Ruled by Law: Study Based on Empirical Analysis and Comparative Analysis.Yang Xinchen
2、g2016 年 3 月 15 日中南财经政法大学学位论文独创性声明和使用授权声明学位论文独创性声明本人所呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中标明。本声明的法律后果由本人承担。论文作者（签名）： 年 月 日学位论文使用授权声明本人完全了解中南财经政法大学关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定。本人愿意按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版，同意学校保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版，或采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；同意学校在不以营利为目的的
3、前提下，建立目录检索与阅览服务系统，公布论文的部分或全部内容，允许他人依法合理使用。（保密论文在解密后遵守此规定）2论文作者（签名）： 年 月 日法治语境下的两种刑事错案研究基于实证与比较的分析1摘 要近年来，重大刑事错案频频被曝光，引起了社会各界的高度关注。不仅法律人纷纷从法律的角度对刑事错案的定义、成因、后果、救济及防控进行专业的研究分析，而且普通人也纷纷从社会或者法律的角度发表对刑事错案的看法和见解。但由于知识构成、利益立场等因素的影响，普通人对刑事错案的观点和态度并未得到应有的重视，甚至被视为吹毛求疵或无病呻吟而被排除在错案规制之外。这引起了普通民众对刑事司法的强烈不满，造成民众对刑事
4、司法的信任危机。毫无疑问，法律人由于掌握专业的法律知识，其对刑事错案的见解更为具体、理性和深刻，也更具有可操作性。普通民众基于司法实践和社会现实对刑事错案的看法虽然比较抽象和感性，但也并非没有道理。因此，对于民众的错案观念也应当给予足够的重视，对其合理的成分加以吸收，对其不合理的成分加以引导，有效回应民众的司法诉求。唯有如此，才能增强错案规制的合法性基础，也才能增强民众对刑事司法的信任和对法律的信仰。基于该目标，本文尝试运用理想类型分析方法，对法律人和普通人的错案认知模式进行分析。刑事错案的认知模式存在现实主义模式和建构主义模式之分。在刑事错案的认知上，两大模式在理论基础、概念界定、致错因素、
5、负面后果以及规制路径上存在重要差别。在刑事错案的规制上，两大模式在刑事错案的发现、审核、救济以及预防环节上隐含着不同意义。刑事错案的规制制度应当从整合两大模式优势的角度出发来设计。以此为基础，错案规制的制度完善应当包括建立权利保障型刑事侦查制度、程序正当型刑事审判制度和差错纠错型刑事调查制度。关键词：错案界定；错案认知；错案规制 法治语境下的两种刑事错案研究基于实证与比较的分析IAbstractIn recent years, the continually exposure of the serious misjudged criminal cases has caused high att
6、ention from all walks of life.Not only the legal personality study in succession about the definition, factor, consequence, relief and prevention of the wrong criminal cases from the view of law, but also the ordinary people air their opinions one after another about the misjudged criminal cases fro
7、m the perspective of society or law. But the opinions of ordinary people about the misjudged criminal cases havent got the attention they deserve because of their knowledge composition, interests position,and so on. Whats worse, their opinions always be regarded as nitpicking or fuss and be left out
8、 of the regulation of misjudged criminal cases. And this always cause strong dissatisfaction from the ordinary people and results in the faith crisis of misjudged criminal cases from them.Undoubtedly, the opinions of the legal personality about misjudged criminal cases are more specific, rational an
9、d workable because of their professional knowledge. Although the opinions of the ordinary people about misjudged criminal cases are more abstract and emotional, but they are also reasonable to some degree. Because they come from juridical practice and social reality. So,the opinions of the ordinary
10、people about misjudged criminal cases should be given enough attention that they deserve. The reasonable parts of their opinions should be absorbed and the unreasonable ones should be guided. Only in this way, can we enhance the legality of the regulation of misjudged criminal cases and strengthen t
11、he trust of the ordinary people to the criminal justice and law. For this purpose, we try to use the analytic way of ideal types to analyze the cognitive patterns of misjudged criminal cases between the legal personality and the ordinary people in this article. There are two cognitive patterns of mi
12、sjudged criminal cases: the realism pattern and the constructivism one. On the cognition of misjudged criminal cases, the two modes differ from each other in theoretical basis, concept definition, fault factors, negative consequences and regulatory path. On the regulation of misjudged criminal cases
13、, the two modes have different morals in the link of finding, reviewing, relieving and preventing misjudged criminal cases.The construction of the regulation systems of wrong criminal cases should base on the advantages of the two patterns. In this respect, the improvements of the regulation systems
14、 of wrong criminal cases should contain the following contents: the evidence investigation systems AbstractIIthat can safeguard human rights，the judicial systems based on due process and the criminal investigation systems that can investigate and redress wrongful criminal cases. Key words: the definition of misjudged criminal cases; the cognition of misjudged criminal cases; the regulation of misjudged criminal cases. 法治语境下的两种刑事错案研究基于实证与比较的分析1目 录引 言 .1第一章 错案界定：客观错案与观念错案之研析 .2第一节 问题提出：两起刑事错案之透视 .2一、客观错案：错案界定的法律人之维 .3二、观念错案：错案界定的普通人之维 .4第二节 被忽视的错案：观念错案 .5一、错案规制：观念错案之缺位
