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1、http:/ http:/ The so-called nanometer scale is one billion of a meter, is about eight. The diameter of a human hair a, equivalent to ten hydrogen atoms in diameter. The field of nano science and technology, microelectronics, computer engineering covers the material, chemical engineering, chemistry,
2、physics, medicine, aerospace, energy, environment and biology etc. Nano technology generally refers to the use of observation and operation technology of several nanometers to tens of nanometers, produce structure equipped with various functions of the scale of the novel, it is made into different f
3、ields and process integration and utilization technology.当材料结构小到纳米尺寸时，材料中的晶粒大小介于一到十纳米范围的间。一般定义晶粒或颗粒直径小于 100 纳米的粒子称为纳米晶。当超威粉粒直径、薄膜厚度或孔隙直径http:/ http:/ the material structure of small to nano size, material in the grain size is between one to ten nanometer range. The general definition of grain or par
4、ticle diameter less than 100 nm particles called nanocrystals. When the Chaowei powder particle diameter, film thickness and pore diameter decreased from micron to nanometer level, with the general solid crystalline or http:/ http:/ structure of different atomic structure; and with the traditional c
5、rystal or amorphous materials with different properties, the material structure is smaller than the wavelength of visible light, the surface atoms occupied all the atoms the proportion will increase rapidly, so the surface unsaturated bond number, making the nanometer surface activity with high, so
6、the surface energy accounted for the proportion of total energy increases rapidly, the special effect has a large surface area, and because of thermal and chemical stability of the solid surface atoms than the internal atomic much worse the cause of the surface atoms, a catalyst. The physical princi
7、ple of material we use the structure size has shrunk to device the impending failure stage, scientists predict the applicability of these physical principles hold only ten years, nanostructured materials, there are still new chemical properties and physical properties of many, such as material stren
8、gth, modulus, ductility, wear properties, magnetic properties, catalytic surface and corrosion behavior, with different size and change, that is to say if we want to use nano material structure, not only need to find better material, more simple and reliable method of production, but also must under
9、stand its physical and chemical properties, the principle to come up with new application, and can make ahttp:/ http:/ 基因内码排列的差异性时，也许可利用纳米技术来加以修正；生物芯片因为结构微小，其侦测灵敏度特别的高，只需要极少量分子即能检验出病因，现在我们生病时所做生理检查总是避免不了验血、验尿、验一大堆东西，有些检验还得等好几天的细菌培养，生物芯片一旦发展成功，小小的一片，从分子生物学出发，一次便可做多种检验，且不到几分钟或几秒钟便能全部完成；当然制造小医疗器件，把它注入体
10、内做长期医疗工作也是发展方向之一，器件小会减少对其他器官正常作用的干扰。另外在基础生物医学方面，生物分子如何作用也可用纳米技术做非常细微的分析，即以了解其作用机制，预料利用纳米技术，有一天科学家可以测量单一分子的光谱和键能，也可切割或连结某一特定的分子键，一个分子马达如何的旋转，还有一个蛋白分子如何的松缩等现象也都可利用原子力显微镜等显微技术直接观察研究。 Nano technology not only can be applied in the electronic information industry, in biology and medicine are the same. On
11、e day when we have to distinguish between healthy and diseased difference arrangement of DNA gene code sex, perhaps can be corrected by utilizing nanotechnology; biochip because small, its detection sensitivity is particularly high, only a very small http:/ http:/ that can test out the cause, now I
12、get sick when the physical check is always a blood test, urinalysis, avoid experience a lot of things, some tests have to wait several days of bacterial culture, biological chip once the successful development, a small, from the point of view of molecular biology, a can do a variety of inspection, a
13、nd in a few minutes or seconds can be completed; of course, small medical device manufacturing, put it into the body to do long-term medical work is one of the developing direction of devices, will reduce the interference to other organs of normal function. In addition to the basic biomedical, biomolecular interaction analysis how to do very fine available nanotechnology, to understand its mechanism of action, is expected to use na
