《sci论文写作技巧-外文科技论文写作》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《sci论文写作技巧-外文科技论文写作（34页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Write to PublishOutline Whats publishable? Whats in a paper? To make it easy How to write: Format Abstract Introduction M&M Results & Discussion Conclusions References Figures/Tables Final touchesWhats Publishable? New ideas New compounds (not likely) New topics (less likely) New data Address curren
2、t issues Issues of regional interest Small but provable topics Small improvementsField vs. Laboratory Field data: Monitoring, scattered data less publishable Field plot studies (expensive) highly publishable Lab studies: Inexpensive Publishable, if done right Lab-field combinations Complementary Mos
3、t publishable Example: Analytical methods + field samplesWhats in a Paper? How long? 12-15 text pages, double spaced 1-4 tables 5-2 figures 15-25 references 2-4 core referencesTo Make It Easy Always read other peoples papers first! Avoid “reinvent the wheel” Avoid wasting time on developing old meth
4、ods Avoid becoming “narrow minded” - fair evaluation of your own work Really get the “handle” or “angle” Aim low, aim small, aim specific Really, really understand “why?” To be used in IntroductionTo Make It Easy Always prepare a study protocol Notebooks: date/time Plan 1, plan 2, , keep updating Ob
5、jectives Detailed methods, exact conditions, references Detailed statistics, design Incorporate changes Record problems, unexpected observations Store all info in specific folders To be used in M&MTo Make It Easy Analyze data when still “hot” Get data off instruments right away! Plot after 3 time po
6、ints! Group curves by treatments What do you want to compare? Temperature? In one graph Compounds? In one graph Soil type? In one graph Keep samples for 6 months after finish Recap if punctured Always use replicates (n 3) and statistics r or r2 Try to use internal standards, or run samples at approx
7、imately the same timeFormat Always: Double space Page number Add line number Left justified Font: 12 pt, Times New Roman 1st page: Title, author info 2nd page: Abstract, (keywords) 3rd page: Introduction ( humin humic acids. These observations suggest that incorporation into soil organic matter is t
8、he predominant pathway for transformation of halogenated fumigants in soil, and fulvic acids are likely the most significant sink of all soil organic matter fractions. It is further speculated that bound residues formed as a result of alkylation of organic matter by the fumigants through nucleophili
9、c replacement.ABSTRACTChiral pesticides currently constitute about 25% of all pesticides used, and this ratio is increasing as more complex structures are introduced. Chirality occurs widely in synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates that are the mainstay of modern insecticides. Despite the great
10、 public concerns associated with the use of insecticides, the environmental significance of chirality in currently used insecticides is poorly understood. In this study, we resolved enantiomers of a number of synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on chiral selective columns, and eval
11、uated occurrence of enantioselectivity in aquatic toxicity and biodegradation. Dramatic differences were observed between enantiomers in their acute toxicity to freshwater invertebrates Ceriodaphnia dubia and Daphnia magna, suggesting that the aquatic toxicity is mostlyattributable to only a specifi
12、c enantiomer in the racemate. In field sediments, the () enantiomer of cis-bifenthrin or cis-permethrin was preferentially degraded, resulting in relative enrichment of the (+) enantiomer. Enantioselective degradation was also observed during incubation of sediments under laboratory conditions. Enan
13、tioselectivity in these processes is expected to result in ecotoxicological effects that cannot be predicted from our existing knowledge, and must be considered in future risk assessment and regulatory decisions.Introduction Most difficult to write Write after M&M Key point: justify “why” Aim low, a
14、im small, aim specific Thorough understanding of published studies Fair evaluation of existing information Start with problems, sources, big picture issues, (1st paragraph) Followed by specific review Do not undermine other researchers! Only include useful/relevant studies Always “praise” previous f
15、indings Followed by a gap or an unclear topic Followed by “In this study, we ”, or “The main objective of this studywas ” End by the potential usefulness of the expected information: “Theresults from this study may be used ” About 4 paragraphs; 99% purity) was obtained from the Great LakesChemical C
16、ompany (West Lafayette, IN). Carbon-14 labelled MeBr with a specific activity of3.1 mCi mmole-1 and radiochemical purity of 97% was synthesized by the New England Nuclear Co. (Boston, MA). The standard of 1,3-D (48% cis isomer and 49% trans isomer) was purchased from Chem Service (West Chester, PA). Carbon-1
