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1、Unit 4 Astronomy : the science of the starsI.Words 1.harmful adj. 有害的 harm n& v 损害； 伤害搭配： do harm to be harmful to 对、 、 、有害Fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth , so mum said to her child :“Dont drink too much juice because it can do harm to your teeth.”果汁有可能对 孩子 的 牙齿有害，因此妈妈对孩子说：“不要喝太多的果汁，因为
2、它对你的牙齿有害。2.puzzle n. 迷；难题 vt. & vi （使）迷惑；（使）为难puzzling 令人迷惑的 puzzled 感到困惑的There was a puzzled look on her face because a puzzling problem puzzled the little girl .她脸上有迷惑不解的神情，因为有道令人费解的问题使这个小女孩困惑。3exist vi. 存在； 生存There exists nothing on the lonely island, so nobody can exist there .在这个荒岛上没长任何东西，因此没人能
3、在这儿生存。4.presence n.出席，到场，存在He hardly seemed to notice my presence.他似乎没有注意到我在场。知识拓展：present adj. 现存的，当前的present n. 礼物，礼品，目前，现在present v. 颁发，授予，把交给，展现，显示present sth to sb =present sb with sth 把某物交给某人；颁发He presented a book to me.他送给我一本书。II. Phrases 1.in time 及时，终于Tom ,who used to be late ,can get to sc
4、hool in time now. He has learned to be punctual(守时的) in time .经常迟到的汤姆现在能及时到校了。他终于知道守时了。拓展： all the time 一直；始终at the same time 与此同时at a time 一次；每次 at one time 一度（过去）有个时期at times 有时；不时 in no time 立刻；很快 2.prevent from 阻止干The heavy rain prevented us (from ) going to school .大雨阻止了我们去学校。拓展：keep .from 阻止干s
5、top .from . 阻止干protect from /against 保护免遭3. now that 既然。引导原因状语从句, that 可以省略Now（ that ）you have got a chance , you should make good use of it . 既然你得到了一个机会，你就应该好好利用它。4. break out 突发 爆发 没有被动形式break down 毁掉 破坏 机器出故障 身体垮掉break in 破门而入 打断break up 粉碎 拆开 放假 结束break away from 脱离 挣脱及时巩固一：1). Mary and John wer
6、e good friend, but after a quarrel they_ _.(broke up )2). Dont _ _ when we are talking. (break in )3). The prisoner_ _ _ his guards.(broke away from )4). His plan _ _ at last. (broke down )5). The economic crisis _ _ first in the USA. (broke out)及时巩固二：give birth to system puzzle exist violent in tim
7、e People gave birth to an idea long ago that the present system of education should be improved. What puzzles me is why a new system of education didnt turn up until now. But I believe that it will exist through violent struggle in time.很久以前人们就有一种想法：当前的教育体系应当改进。使我不解的是为什么一种新的教育体系迄今还没有出现。但我相信通过艰苦的探索最终
8、会存在的。III. Sentence Patterns1. according to 根据 2. begin with 以、 、 、开始 3. in all directions 朝四面八方4. in time 及时；迟早 5. fill with 用、 、 、充满 6. all sorts of 各种各样的 7. as well as 也，以及；除了、 、 、还有 8. for the first time 首次；第一次 9. remain a mystery 仍是个迷 10. 月球之旅(pay)a visit to the moon 11.一种普遍为人们所接受的理论 a widely ac
9、cepted theory 12. as a result 因此 13. break out 爆发；发生 14. have a chance to do 有机会干、 、 、 15. as if 好像；似乎 16. depend on 依赖；取决于 17. cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 18. come on 加油；快点；得了吧 19. as far as 像、 、 、一样远；就、 、 、 ；据、 、 、 20. 向某人解释某事 explain to sb. sth.21. allow to .允许某人干、 、 、 22. get close to 靠近 IV. Patterns 1as
10、 的不同用法1) We watched , amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇的看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 解析：as 引导时间状语从句2) Leaving the moons gravity was not as painful as leaving the earths .摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。 解析：as 作副词和连词，引导比较状语从句3) When we got closer to the mo
11、on , we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths . 当我们更接近月球时，就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。解析：as 作副词和连词，引导比较状语从句4） But when I tried to step forward ,I found I was carried twice as far as on earth and I fell over . 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟然是在地球上的两倍，因
12、而我摔倒了。解析：倍数的表达法： as .as倍数 + 比较级+ thanthe size/ length /weight.of1)Americans eat _vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twice B. as twice as many C. twice as many as D. more than twice as many 2) Its generally believed that teaching is _it is a science .A. an art much as B. muc
13、h an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 3)During this season all the animals are sold at _usual .A. twice as higher price as B. as twice high price than C. twice as high as price as D. twice higher price than 2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the w
14、ater vapour , carbon dioxide, oxygen , nitrogen and other gases ,which were to make the earths atmosphere.分析：“be + 不定式” 结构在此处表示注定会发生的事。He was to regret that decision for the rest of his life.他一定会对他余生的决定后悔的。 “be to do” 还可表示必须或应该 Eg:You are to report this to the police.你应该报警.表示计划或安排 Eg:They are to be
15、married in June. 他们计划七月份结婚。3.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.it 在句中作 made 的形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式 to develop固定模式：v.+it +adj./n +to do 能用于此结构的动词有：make ,believe ,think ,consider ,feel ,find 等。He feels it his duty to help others.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。He thinks it important to learn English well.他认为学好英语是重要的。4. Others, called amphibians ,were able to live on land as well as in the water.注意：calle
