《巧记lie和lay的区别》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《巧记lie和lay的区别（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、巧记 lie 和 lay 的区别记忆口诀：规则撒谎，不规则躺；躺过下蛋，下蛋不规则。解释：lie 撒谎的过去式和过去分词是规则变化，lie 躺的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化，lie 躺的过去式是 lay（下蛋），lay 下蛋的过去式和过去分词是不规则变化。即：lie-lied-lied 撒谎 lyinglie-lay-lain 躺，放置 lyinglay-laid-laid 产卵，下蛋 laying例句：He wasnt telling the truth. He lied again. 他没有说出真相。他再次说谎了。She laid her shoulder on my shoulder.
2、她把肩膀放在我的肩上。His books lay open on the desk when I went in. 当我进来的时候，他的书摊开放在桌上。The hen is laying an egg. 母鸡正下蛋。The city lies in the north of China. 这座城市位于中国北部。名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。17.1 引导名词性从句的连
3、接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether 与 if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下， whether 不能被 if 取代：
4、1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether 从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it 充当形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.17.2 名词性 that-从句1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句。 That 只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名
5、词性 that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his offic
6、e. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词，而将 that-从句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. I
7、t + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that 人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It has been decided that 已决定 c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实
8、是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起17.3 名词性 wh-从句 1）由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句。Wh- 词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：主语： How the book will
9、sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人。直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲。间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什
10、么名字。同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来。形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语，而将 wh-从句置于句末，例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they
11、are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether 引导的名词从句1）yes-no 型疑问从句从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Fr
12、iday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the cri
13、sis of his illness.我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whetheror 或 whetheor not 构成，例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。17.5 否定转移 1) 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主
14、句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。2) 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.看来
15、我们明天不会碰上好天气。3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I dont remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not 否定动名词短语 having)Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not g
16、athering this for itself alone.(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定 because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定状语 many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。
