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1、1非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps a
2、re used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mi
3、nd, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like
4、）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+ 动词原形 ，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（to+）动词原形。22、动词不定式的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。 作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语 My work is to clean the room ev
5、eryday.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语 What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。 在 make，let ，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语 Ha
6、ve you got anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn En
7、glish well.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good，nice，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide,
8、 plan, expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not ）do.I would rather stay
9、in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有：一感（feel） 、二听（hear, listen to）
10、 、三让（let, make, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice） 。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to。如： 3My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, wh
11、ere, how 连用 ，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。例题 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li.A: what to do B: to do what C: w
12、hether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me.A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law.A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_.A: to have fun B: have fun C: havin
13、g fun D: to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy.A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible.A: not to wear B: not wear C
14、: wearing not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great.I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Dont forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I wont.A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What about _a rest?OK. Lets go out and have a walk.A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small house.Youre supposed to put it in the living room.A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were r
