《南工大化工复试英语》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《南工大化工复试英语（42页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、文献阅读： PATENT SPECIFICATION GB851,690 NO DRAWINGSDate of Application and filing Complete Specification:June 26, 1959 No. 22094/59.Application made in Germany on Aug. 21, 1958.Complete Specification Published: Oct. 19, 1960.Index at Acceptance: -Class 1(3), Ain46A.International Classification: -C01f.C
2、OMPLETE SPECIFICATIONMethod of Dehydrating Barium Hydroxide HydrateWe, Kali-CHEMIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, of Hans Bckler Allee 20, Hannover, Germany, a body corporate organized under the laws of Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the meth
3、od by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:-This invention relates to a method of dehydrate barium hydroxide 氢氧化钡 hydrates. 水和Barium hydroxide octahydrate 八水合, monohydrate, and anhydrous barium hydroxide are known as well defined compounds. Prod
4、ucts having varying contents 含量 water of crystallization 结晶水 我们德国法律下组织的一个法人团体，据此宣布一项发明以及本发明的实施方法，希望能够批准我们的专利。以下相关的描述和声明。本发明是有关水和氢氧化钡脱水的方法。八水合，一水合及无水氢氧化钡都是定义明确的化合物。结晶水含量在一到八之间的氢氧化钡也是工业上常用的。八水合氢between the mono- and the octahydrate are also industrially used. Barium hydroxide octahydrate congruently 一
5、致的 melts in its own water of crystallization. The water cannot be removed from this solution otherwise than by prolonged heating at temperatures up to 300. The process is accompanied by troublesome spattering 飞溅 and incrustation 结壳 phenomena. An improvement can be achieved by dehydrating under reduc
6、ed pressure at a temperature of about 130 . The barium hydroxide octahydrate will then, when slowly heated, lose part of its water of crystallization at temperature below its congruent 同成分 melting point of 78, so that the solid state is preserved throughout the dehydrating process. A drawback of thi
7、s method is the long time the process of dehydration takes to perform, the water of crystallization being released extremely slowly. In both cases it is impossible quantitatively 定量的 to control the degree of dehydration attained in the course of the process.It has now been found that the water of cr
8、ystallization can be withdrawn 除去 from the barium hydroxide hydrate either by heating the same in an organic solvent, the water being azeotropically 共沸distilled off with the solvent, or by removing it from the barium hydroxide hydrate merely by digestion 浸提 in a 氧化钡同成份熔融于其结晶水中。这些水只有通过长时间的在300 以上加热才能
9、从溶液中除去。这个工艺伴随着讨厌的飞溅和结壳现象。对该方法的改进措施是在大约 130时减压条件下脱水。当缓慢加热时，八水合氢氧化钡将在温度低于其同成份熔点即 78时失去部分结晶水，从而在整个脱水过程中固态物质得以保存下来。这种方法的一个缺点是所进行的脱水过程时间长，结晶水释放非常缓慢。两种情况下都不可能在过程工艺中定量控制脱水的程度。现在发现有两种方法可以从水合氢氧化钡中除去水：将其在某一有机溶剂中加热，通过共沸蒸馏水可以与溶剂一起除去；或在升温条件下用合适的溶剂从水合氢氧化钡中浸提出去。所选择的溶剂必须对氢氧化钡是化学惰性的，且可能是一种混合溶剂。suitable solvent at el
10、evated temperature 升温 . It is, however, necessary to select a solvent which is chemically inert to 化学惰性的 barium hydroxide, but the selected solvent may be a solvent mixture.Organic solvents which, in the liquid phase, are not miscible 可混合的 with water in any proportion 比例 have been found to be especi
11、ally useful for performing the azeotropic distillation 共沸精馏, so that the continuous and complete separation of the water can be effected 实现 in a receiver 接收器 fitted with an overflow 溢流口. It is then possible to dehydrate relatively large quantities of barium hydroxide hydrate with the aid of a consta
12、nt quantity 一定量的 of solvent. In the case of barium hydroxide octahydrate a solvent must be selected which has a boiling point 沸点 near the congruent melting point 同成分熔点 of 78， and an azeotropic boiling point 共沸点 which below this melting point. The process of dehydration can be discontinued 中断 when a
13、desired 期望的 quantity of water has been removed so that barium hydroxides in any desired stage of hydration 期望的结合水含量 can thus be obtained. For lower hydrates of barium hydroxide the selection of a suitable solvent is not determined in the above manner, and the boiling point of pure solvent and of the
14、 azeotropic mixture 共沸混合物 should be above and as close as possible respectively 相液相时以任意比例都不能和水混合的有机溶剂在进行共沸蒸馏时是特别有用的，因此使用装有溢流口的接收器可以连续的并完全将水分离出去。因此使用一定量的溶剂就可能使大量的水和氢氧化钡脱水，对于八水合氢氧化钡，所选择的溶剂其沸点应与同成份熔点即 78相近，共沸点必须低于此熔点。当一定量的水被除去时，脱水过程可以随时中止，因此可以获得所希望结晶水数目的氢氧化钡。对与结晶水数目较少的氢氧化钡，合适溶剂的选择与上述不同：纯溶济和共沸混合物的沸点应分别高
15、于及尽量接近水的沸点。应的 to the boiling point of water.In an alternative procedure 备选过程 of heating the barium hydroxide hydrates with an organic solvent, the water of crystallization is removed by digestion 浸提 in an anhydrous organic solvent or solvent mixture which is chemically inert with respect to 考虑到 bari
16、um hydroxide but miscible 可混合的 in the liquid phase with water in any proportion, the process being performed at a temperature above the congruent 同成分 melting point of the barium hydroxide octahydrate and below the boiling point of the solvent or solvent mixture. It has been proposed to dry pastes 糊状物 or sludges 烂泥状 consisting of fine particles of hydrophobic 憎水的 solids, by a method which consists in mixing the pastes with a second liquid which is s
