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1、 机电工程系 门禁系统设计- 1 -门禁系统设计摘 要本论文介绍了一种基于非接触式 IC 卡的门禁管理系统的应用，非接触式IC 卡是 IC 卡领域的一项新兴技术，它是射频识别技术和 IC 卡技术相结合的产物。射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification,简称 RFID）技术 1是最近几年发展起来的一门新的自动识别技术。它利用射频方式在非接触式 IC 卡和读卡器之间进行双向通信，完成目标识别和数据交换，而卡上电路的工作电源由读卡器发出的电磁波能量提供。由于非接触式 IC 卡具有操作快捷、防碰撞能力强、工作距离远、安全性高、便于“一卡多用” 等特点，在身份识别、自动收费和
2、电子钱包等领域具有接触式 IC 卡所无法比拟的优越性，具有广阔的市场前景。非接触式 IC 卡读卡器是非接触式 IC 卡应用系统的关键设备之一,本课题中应用的读卡器是一种读写距离为 100mm 的非接触式 IC 卡读卡器。随着射频识别技术的推广，Mifare 卡已经广泛应用于公共交通终端、手持终端，板上单元、非接触式 PC 终端等各个非接触式通信场合。非接触式智能卡读写器系统是射频技术中的一个重要组成部分，可完成指令分析、数据采集等诸多功能。读卡器的实现原理如下：由读写器向 Mifare1 卡，也就是向射频卡发射特定频率的无线电磁波，当射频卡靠近读写器时，受读写器发射的电磁波激励，卡片内的 LC
3、 谐振电路产生共振并且接收电磁波能量，当射频卡接收到足够的能量时，就将卡内存储的识别资料以及其他数据以无线电波方式传输到读写器并且接受读写器对卡内数据的进一步操作 2。论文从门禁技术的发展出发，首先介绍了非接触式 IC 卡的特点、种类、组成以及国际标准，然后介绍了非接触式 IC 卡门禁系统所涉及的技术，在此基础上，论文又详细地阐述了非接触式 IC 卡读卡器的硬件和软件设计，读卡器的硬 机电工程系 门禁系统设计- 2 -件设计包括蜂鸣器驱动电路、RS232 通信电路、MF RC500 接口电路和读卡器天线电路；软件设计包括 MF RC500 的应用程序的设计、读卡器其他电路的应用设计和主程序设计
4、三个部分。关键词 非接触式 IC 卡/射频识别技术/读卡器/串口通信 GATE CONTROL SYSTEM 机电工程系 门禁系统设计- 3 -ABSTRACTThis article introduces a kind of entrance guard system this is based on Radio Frequency Identification cards.Contactless IC Card is one kind of new techology and IC card technology. Radio Frequency Identification techno
5、logy is a new technology of autoidentification in recent years.Wireless and bidirection communication between reader and contactless card is their communication mode to identificate the goal and to swap data by radio frequency identificationThe power of IC card circuit is supplied by the power of el
6、ectromagnetic wave from reade.Because contactless IC card has some advantages over common IC card such as its high working speed、good anticollsion quality and long working distance,there will be a good prospect for it in many fields,such as automatic pricing、identity distinguishing、electric wallet a
7、nd so on.The contactless card reader is one of the key devices of a contactless IC card and system. We develop one kind of contactless IC card reader,which is onepart of a project and has about 100mm working distance.As RFID technology promotion, Mifare card has been used widely in public transport
8、terminals, hand-held terminals, plate unit, contactless PC terminal etc. Each contactless communication occasions. Non-contact smart card inverter system is rf technology reading an important constituent, can complete instructions analysis, data acquisition, and many other functions. Reader in princ
9、iple is as follows: Mifare1 card by literacy ware to rf card, namely certain frequencies to launch the wireless electromagnetic wave, when the radio frequency card when reading device, near the electromagnetic wave by reading and writing implement launch within the incentives, CARDS and resonate LC
10、resonant circuit receive electromagnetic energy, when rf card to receive enough energy, will be stored inside card identification of information 机电工程系 门禁系统设计- 4 -and other data to radio waves mode to reading and writing implement and accept to read the data inside card for further operation2 .One th
11、e basis of the development of entranceguard system,at first this paper generally introduce contactless IC card,including its feature、type、composing and international standard.Then it introduces then technology of Entrance Guard System.Based on these,the paper discusses the design of the contactless
12、IC card reader in detail,including the circuit design and software design.The redders circuit is made up of buzzer drive circuit,RS232 communication circuit,MF RC500 interface circuit and antenna circuit.The software design includes programming of main program.KEY WORDS Contactless IC card，Radio Fre
13、quency Identification，reader device，Serial communication ；microcontroller of 51目 录1 引言 7 机电工程系 门禁系统设计- 5 -1.1 本课题的提出背景 .-7 -1.2 本课题的研究意义 .-7-1.3 国内外研究现状 .- 8 -2 设计总体研究和涉及的主要技术 .- 8 -2.1 非接触式 IC 卡门禁系统组成 .- 8 -2.1.1 读卡器 .- 9 -2.1.2 非接触式 IC 卡 .- 10 -2.2 非接触式 IC 卡门禁系统涉及的主要技术 .- 15 -2.2.1 自动识别技术 .- 16 -2.2.2 密码技术 .
