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1、A Glance at Human Body,JESSES HOME PROJECT 2012.12.05.,Basic structures,Basic structures,CellsCells are the simplest units of living matter that can maintain life and reproduce themselves. The human body, which is made up of numerous cells, begins as a single, newly fertilized cell.Tissuesa tissue i
2、s an organization of a great many similar cells. OrgansAn organ is an organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function. SystemsSystems are the most complex of the component units of the human body. A system is an organization of varying
3、 numbers and kinds of organs so arranged that together they can perform complex functions for the body.,Skeleton system,Major systems of body,Skeletal SystemSkeletal system is the system of bones, associated cartilages and jointsBone is a tough and rigid form of connective tissue. It is the weight b
4、earing organ of human body and it is responsible for almost all strength of human skeletonCartilage is also a form of connective tissue but is not as tough and rigid as bone.Joints make the hard and rigid skeleton allow different types of movements at different locations.,Skeletal System,The main ro
5、le of the skeletal system is to provide support for the body, to protect delicate internal organs and to provide attachment sites for the organs.,Muscular System,Muscular System,Muscles are body tissues that provide the force for all body movements. They are made of special types of cells.Skeletal M
6、uscles: they are almost always found attached to the skeleton and produce movements in different parts of the skeleton. They are under the control of human willSmooth Muscles: form the soft body organs like stomach, intestine, blood vessels etc. They are not under the will of human beings and are re
7、sponsible for unconscious body activities like digestion of food.Cardiac Muscles: They are only found in human heart, extremely strong and powerful muscles. They are not under the control of human will and are involuntary.,Three types of muscles,Skeletal Muscles,Smooth Muscles:,Cardiac Muscles,Muscu
8、lar System,The main role of the muscular system is to provide movement. Muscles work in pairs to move limbs and provide the organism with mobility. Muscles also control the movement of materials through some organs, such as the stomach and intestine, and the heart and circulatory system.,Nervous Sys
9、tem,Neuron is the unit of nervous systemCENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) : includes brain and spinal cord.PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) : includes all the parts of nervous system except brain and spinal cord. It is further divided into two components; Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous syste
10、m.,Nervous system,Nervous system,The main role of the nervous system is to relay electrical signals through the body. The nervous system directs behavior and movement and, along with the endocrine system, controls physiological processes such as digestion, circulation, etc.,Respiratory System,KEY ST
11、RUCTURES:lungsbronchibronchiolesalveoli,Respiratory System,Respiratory System,Respiratory System,The main role of the respiratory system is to provide gas exchange between the blood and the environment. Primarily, oxygen is absorbed from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide is expelled fr
12、om the body.,Cardiovascular System,Major Organs: HeartHeart is made up of three layers; Pericardium, Myocardium and Endocardium.blood vessels three types of blood vesselsArteries, Capillaries and Veins.Bloodtwo major portions: Blood cells and Plasma,Heart,Circulation System,Cells in the blood,Cardio
13、vascular System,The main role of the circulatory system is to transport nutrients, gases (such as oxygen and CO2), hormones and wastes through the body.,Digestive System,Major Organs: MouthEsophagusStomachsmall and large intestines.,Digestive System,Digestive System,The main role of the digestive sy
14、stem is to breakdown and absorb nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintenance.,Endocrine System,Endocrine System,Types of Endocrine Glands,1) TYPICAL ENDOCRINE GLANDS: These glands have primary function of producing hormones for human body. They include;PITUITARY GLANDTHYROID GLANDPARATHYR
15、OID GLANDSADRENAL GLANDS2) ORGANS HAVING SECONDARY ENDOCRINE FUNCTION: These organs primarily belong to some other system of the body but have a secondary function of producing hormones. They include;PANCREAS(Hormones of Pancreas)OVARIES (In females) (Hormones of Ovaries)TESTES (In males) (Hormones
16、of Testes)KIDNEYS (Hormones of Kidneys)LIVER (Hormones of Liver),Endocrine System,The main role of the endocrine system is to relay chemical messages through the body. In conjunction with the nervous system, these chemical messages help control physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, gr
17、owth, etc.,Lymphatic System,KEY STRUCTURES:lymph nodesLymphVesselswhite blood cells, T- and B- cells.,Lymphatic System,Lymphatic System,The main role of the immune system is to destroy and remove invading microbes and viruses from the body. The lymphatic system also removes fat and excess fluids from the blood.,
