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1、http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 生铁专业用铸铁件的分类黑色金属是指铁和铁的合金。如钢、生铁合金、铸铁等。钢和生铁都是以铁为基础，以碳为主要添加元素的合金，统称为铁碳合金。生铁是指把铁矿石放到高炉中冶炼而成的产品，主要用来炼钢和制造铸件。把铸造生铁放在熔铁炉中熔炼，即得到铸铁（液状），把液状铸铁浇铸成铸件，这种铸铁叫铸铁件。 Black metal refers to an alloy of iron and iron. Such as steel, iron alloy, cast iron, etc. Steel and cast iron is based on i
2、ron, added with carbon as the main elements of the alloy, collectively known as the iron carbon metal alloy. Pig iron refers to put iron ore in the blast furnace smelting products, mainly used for steel making and manufacture of castings. Put the casting pig iron in the cupola melting, that is, get
3、cast iron (liquid), the liquid cast iron cast into the casting, the cast iron is cast iron pieces. 铁合金是由铁与硅、锰、铬、钛等元素组成的合金，铁合金是炼钢的原料之一，在炼钢时做钢的脱氧剂和合金元素添加剂用。 http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ Iron alloy is made up of iron and silicon, manganese, chromium, composed of elements such as titanium alloy, iron all
4、oy is one of the steelmaking raw material, do steel in steelmaking deoxidizer and additive in alloy element used. 2、把炼钢用生铁放到炼钢炉内按一定工艺熔炼，即得到钢。钢的产品有钢锭、连铸坯和直接铸成各种钢铸件等。通常所讲的钢，一般是指轧制成各种钢材的钢。钢属于黑色金属但钢不完全等于黑色金属。 2, put the steelmaking pig iron steel furnace smelting by certain process, the steel. Steel pro
5、ducts have cast ingot casting billet and direct, all kinds of steel castings, etc. Usually told by steel, generally refers to the steel rolled into a variety of steel products. Steel belongs to black metal but not completely equal to black metal steel. 3、有色金属又称非铁金属，指除黑色金属外的金属和合金，如铜、锡、铅、锌、铝以及黄铜、青铜、铝合
6、金和轴承合金等。另外在工业上还采用铬、镍、锰、钼、钴、钒、钨、钛等，这些金属主要用作合金附加物，以改善金属的性http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ 能，其中钨、钛、钼等多用以生产刀具用的硬质合金。以上这些有 酿酒设备色金属都称为工业用金属，此外还有贵重金属：铂、金、银等和稀有金属，包括放射性的铀、镭等。3, also called nonferrous metal, non-ferrous metal refers to in addition to the black metal of the metal and alloys, such as copper, tin, l
7、ead, zinc, aluminum, brass, bronze, aluminum alloy and bearing alloy, etc. In industry also USES the chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, titanium, etc., these metal is mainly used as alloy addition, in order to improve the performance of the metal, tungsten, titanium
8、, molybdenum, etc to produce cemented carbide cutting tools. Above these are known as the industrial metals, non-ferrous metal and precious metals, platinum, gold, silver and precious metals, including radioactive uranium and radium. 二、钢的分类 Second, the classification of steel http:/ http:/ http:/ ht
9、tp:/ 钢是含碳量在 0.04%-2.3%之间的铁碳合金。为了保证其韧性和塑性，含碳量一般不超过 1.7%。钢的主要元素除铁、碳外，还有 通风除尘设备硅、锰、硫、磷等。钢的分类方法多种多样，其主要方法有如下七种：Steel is iron carbon alloy carbon content between 0.04% - 2.3%. In order to ensure its toughness and plasticity, carbon content is generally not more than 1.7%. The main elements in addition to
10、 iron, carbon steel, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, etc. Steel classification method is varied, the main method has the following seven: 1、按品质分类 (1)普通钢（P0.045%，S0.050%） (2)优质钢（P、S 均0.035% ）(3)高级优质钢（P0.035%，S0.030%）1, according to the quality classification (1) ordinary steel (P 0.045% or le
11、ss, S 0.050%) or less (2) high quality steel (P, S are 0.035% or less) (3) high quality steel (P 0.035% or less, S 0.030% or less) 2.、按化学成份分类 (1)碳素钢：a.低碳钢（C0.25%）；http:/ http:/ http:/ http:/ b.中碳钢（C0.250.60%）；c. 高碳钢（C0.60% ）。(2)合金钢：a.低合金钢 （合金元素总含量5%）b.中合金钢（合金元素总含量510% ）c.高合金钢（合金元素总含量10%）。2. Accordin
12、g to classification (1) carbon steel chemical composition: a. mild steel 0.25% or less (C); B. medium carbon steel (C 0.25 0.60%) or less; C. high carbon steel (0.60%) or less c. (2) alloy steel: a. low alloy steel (alloy element total content 5%) or less b. in alloy steel (alloy element content 5 1
13、0%) c. high alloy steel (alloy element content 10%). 3、按成形方法分类：(1) 锻钢；(2) 铸钢；(3) 热轧钢；(4)冷拉 钢。 3, according to the forming of classification: (1) forging steel; (2) cast steel; (3) hot rolled steel; (4) cold-drawn steel. 4、按金相组织分类 (1)退火状态快速升柱器 的 a.亚共析钢（铁素体+珠光体） b.共析钢（珠光体）c.过共析钢（珠http:/ http:/ http:/
14、http:/ 光体+渗碳体） d.莱氏体 钢（珠光体+ 渗体）。 (2)正火状态的：a.珠光体钢 ；b.贝氏体钢；c. 马氏体 钢；d.奥氏体钢。(3)无相变或部分发生相变的 4, according to the microstructure classification (1) annealing condition a. hypoeutectoid steel (ferrite + pearlite) b. eutectoid steel, pearlite) c. hypereutectoid steel (pearlite and cementite) d. ledeburite s
15、teel (pearlite + permeability body). (2) are fire state: a. pearlitic steel; B. bainite steel; C. martensitic steel; D. austenitic steel. (3) without phase change or part of a phase change 5、按用途分类 (1)建筑及工程用钢：a.普通碳素结构钢；b.低合金结构钢；c.钢筋钢。5, according to use classification (1) construction and engineering steel: a. ordinary carbon structural
