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1、Good or Bad?Saccharin(糖精) is the only truly man-made sweetener. It was discovered by accident 100 years ago in an experiment with coal tar(煤焦油). In the experiment, a scientist got some substance (which later he knew was saccharin) on his finger. “Later, at dinner, he put his finger into his mouth an
2、d noticed the sweet taste,” says Eric Walters, professor of biochemistry at the Chicago Medical School.Containing no calories, saccharin is not absorbed by the human body. It began to be disliked by people during the late 1970s and early 1980s when one set of studies showed that it caused cancer in
3、laboratory animals. According to Walters, it is not fair to saccharin because the studies were not perfect.More recent testing with other animals with small amounts of saccharin has not repeated the same results. Even with these experimental results, saccharin labels are still required to carry a wa
4、rning saying it has been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals. In 1990, saccharin was allowed to be sold in the market again.Because it is hundreds of times sweeter than table sugar, only a small amount of saccharin is used at home, in restaurants or in the food-making industry.Another sweete
5、ner we commonly use is aspartame(甜味剂). It is not so sweet as saccharin, but much sweeter than table sugar. Unlike saccharin, however, aspartame can be absorbed into the body. It contains 4 calories per gram, the same as table sugar. But aspartame is 180 times sweeter than sugar.Although aspartame is
6、 found in thousands of products, its safety, like saccharin, has still been uncertain. Nevertheless, people allow its use in all foods and drinks.“In my opinion, aspartame is as safe as sugarbut then there are those who think white sugar is dangerous,” says Walters. “Between aspartame and saccharin,
7、 I would pick aspartame. But at normal use levels, I think saccharin is safe too.”1. When talking about saccharin and aspartame, Eric Walters most probably thinks that aspartame is safer than saccharin.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A2. After doing many experiments, Walters finally found sa
8、ccharin at dinner.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: B3. Aspartame is sweeter than saccharin when in hot drinks.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: C4. Because saccharin was reported to have caused cancer in lab animals, it got a bad name.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A5. Sacchari
9、n and aspartame are quite safe at normal use levels, but cause cancer in rats.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: B6. Saccharin can be absorbed into the body but has no calories.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: B7. White sugar is considered dangerous if taken in excess.A. RightB. WrongC.
10、Not mentioned正确的答案是: CLearning DisorderDyslexiaAs many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia.Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of
11、the worlds great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United
12、States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brainthe part that controls languageis larger t
13、han the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause
14、of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with
15、 language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.1.One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A2. Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: C3. The first case
16、s of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A4. The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: B5. Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in lefthanded males than in righthanded females. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A6. It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a
