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1、润滑油添加剂的应用The Application of Lubricating Oil Additive摘要：现代设备对润滑材料的耐高温、高压、高速、防腐蚀等要求越来越高，近年来润滑油技术的不断发展，特别是润滑油添加剂的应用，从而大大改善了设备的润滑状态，确保设备高效、安全运行。Abstract: Equipments of nowadays have proposed higher and higher requirements for lubricating material that can resist high temperature, extreme pressure and co
2、rrosion. As the development of lubricating oil in recent years, especially the application of lubricating additive , the lubricating conditions of equipments have been improved a lot, ensuring the equipments operate efficiently and safely.关键词：润滑技术发展 添加剂应用 改善设备润滑状态Key Words: Lubricating Technology De
3、velopment Application of Lubricating Additive Promote the condition of equipments我国每年润滑油每年消耗润滑油 480 万吨，而这 480 万吨的润滑油牵连着数以亿计的设备，这对设备状态优劣至关重要，所以润滑是设备运行的灵魂和生命线！设备润滑管理是工业生产的一件大事，已引起普遍关注，当然也要看到目前国内润滑油回收率还不到 10%，流失，浪费严重，令人十分可惜！由于设备管理与维修人员对润滑技术不了解，造成择油不合理，润滑管理不善造成设备严重损害。据统计，由于润滑不良及润滑失效造成的设备事故和故障已高达 65%以上！设
4、备润滑是一项投入很少，但产出效益很高的工作，一定要给予充分重视，并认真做好。Annual consumption of lubricating oil in our country is 4,800,000Ton which means to involve billions of machines. Lubricating oil is essential to equipments condition, being the soul and lifeblood to equipments operation. Equipments lubrication is very important
5、 to industry production, which should be paid overall attention. However, we have to keep the fact in mind that recycle of lubricating oil is less than 10% at home at present, so it is regarded that too much lubricants has been wasted. For management and maintenance staff know little things about lu
6、bricating technology, they may choose improper lubricating oil and their poor lubricating management will bring serious damage to the equipments. According to the statistics, equipments accidents and damages caused by lubrication inefficiency and lubrication failure have achieved to more than 65%. E
7、quipments lubrication invests less with higher profit, so it must be given high attention and caution. 一、润滑材料的选用在机械的摩擦副之间加入某种介质，使其减少摩擦和磨损，这种介质成为润滑材料，有润滑油、润滑脂等，也称为润滑剂。由于摩擦副的类型和性质不同，相应地对润滑材料的要求和选用也有所不同。按摩擦副对润滑材料性能的要求，合理选用润滑材料，才能减小摩擦、降低磨损、延长设备的使用寿命，从而达到节约能源、保证设备正常运转、提高企业经济效益的目的。尤其是现代的高精度、高速度、高效率的生产设备，对
8、润滑材料的耐高温、高压、高速、腐蚀等要求越来越高。I Selection of Lubricating Material Certain material, which is added between rubbing pair of equipments to reduce friction, are called lubricating material, such as lubricating oil and lubricating grease, and it is also named lubricants. Because there are different types and
9、 character of rubbing material, accordingly there are different requirements and selections of lubricating materials. Therefore, only proper selection of lubricating material will reduce friction and wear, and increase equipments service life with benefits of energy-saving, normal operation and econ
10、omic profits. Especially for those modern equipments with characteristics of high precision, speed and efficiency that propose higher and higher requirement for lubricating material with characteristics of anti high temperature, extreme pressure, high speed, corrosion.1. 润滑油的性能指标1. Performance Index
11、 of Lubricating Oil(1) 黏度：在一定温度下测定润滑油流动时内部阻力大小的数值，是润滑油的一项主要指标。我国常用的黏度单位为斯托克斯（cSt） ，有时也用恩氏黏度（ 。 Et） 。（1）Viscosity：The value of internal resistance when lubricating oil flows under certain temperature is an important index of lubricating oil. The commonly used unit of viscosity in our nation is Stokes
12、 (cSt), but sometimes Engler Viscosity is also used to refer it.(2) 水分：以油中含水量占油重量的百分比表示。水分能破坏油膜，形成泡沫或乳化，引起金属锈蚀、降低油品绝缘性等。(2) Water: It is expressed by the percentage of water contained in the oil. Water will destroy oil film, and form foam or emulsify, which will make metal corrosive, decrease oils i
13、nsulating quality.(3) 机械杂质：油中温沉淀和悬浮的不溶解物质，如灰尘、砂粒、金属粉屑等，以含量百分比表示。杂质容易堵塞油路，加剧摩擦副的磨损，在电器设备中会降低油的绝缘性能等。(3) Mechanical Impurity: It is showed by the contained percentage of insoluble subsistence that deposit or float in the oil, such as ash, sand, metal particles and so on. Oil line is easy to be blocked
14、 by the impurity, aggravating the friction between rubbing pair and decrease the oils insulating quality in the electrical equipments.(4) 闪点与燃点：把润滑油加热蒸发出的油蒸气与空气形成一定浓度的混合气体，在接触火焰时产生短暂闪火，此时的油温即为闪点。闪火时间长达 5 秒钟以上时的油温为燃点。闪点是油品的安全性指标。油品的最高工作温度一般应低于闪点以下 30。(4) Flash Point and Condensation Point: When heat
15、the lubricating oil, it will form a certain concentrated gas mixture of oil vapor and air. When the gas mixture meet blaze, oil temperature that initiate a temporary flame is called flash point. If the flaming time survives more than 5 seconds, it is the flaming point of oil temperature. Flash point
16、 is a safety index of oil, for oils maximum working temperature should below 30 of flash point. (5) 凝固点：将油品冷却至不流动时的最高温度，亦即在 45倾角下油面保持一分钟不流动时的油温。对低温下工作的机械和车辆，应选用低凝固点的润滑油。(5) Freezing Point: The maximum temperature of oil when it is too cold to flow keeps the oil still for one minute in the angle of 45. Lubricating oil of low freezing point should be chosen for those machines and automobiles working in the cold environment. (6) 酸值：指中和 1g 润滑油所需氢氧化钾的毫克数，亦即指该油样中含
