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1、The Times is a daily national newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register.The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of News International. News International is entirely owned by
2、the News Corporation group, headed by Rupert Murdoch. Though traditionally a moderately centre-right newspaper and a supporter of the Conservatives, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.2 In 2005, according to MORI(Market & Opinion Research International 国际市场研究公司), th
3、e voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, 26% for Labour.3The Times is the original Times newspaper, lending its name to many other papers around the world, such as The New York Times, The Times of India, The Straits Times, The Times of
4、 Malta and The Irish Times. In North America, particularly, it is sometimes referred to as the London Times or The Times of London.45 The paper is the originator of the ubiquitous Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporatio
5、n for its legibility 清晰,易读 in low-tech printing.The newspaper was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 partly in an attempt to appeal to younger readers and partly to appeal to commuters using public transport. An American edition has been published since
6、6 June 2006.4TodayThe newspapers cover price in the United Kingdom is 90p on weekdays (30p for students at some university campus shops) and 1 on Saturday. The Timess sister paper, The Sunday Times, is a broadsheet and priced at 2.00. Although The Times and The Sunday Times are both owned by News In
7、ternational, a subsidiary of Rupert Murdochs Newscorp, they do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have shared the same owner only since 1967. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in its new font, Times Modern.CirculationThe certified average circulation figures
8、for November 2005 show that The Times sold 692,581 copies per day. This was the highest achieved under the last editor, Robert Thomson, and ensured that the newspaper remained ahead of The Daily Telegraph in terms of full rate sales, although The Daily Telegraph remains the market leader for broadsh
9、eets, with a circulation of 905,955 copies. Tabloid newspapers, such as The Sun and middle-market newspapers such as the Daily Mail, at present outsell both papers with a circulation of around 3,274,855 and 2,353,807 respectively.6HistoryThe Times was founded by John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The
10、Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, John Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. John Walter Sr. had already spent sixteen months in Newgate prison for libel prin
11、ted in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the papers reputation among policy makers and financiers.The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reput
12、ation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.In 1809, John Stoddart was appointed general editor, replaced in 1817 with Thomas Barnes. Under Barnes and his successor in 1
13、841, John Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname The Thunderer (from We thundered out the other day an articl
14、e on social and political reform.).The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the papers correspondent with the army in the Crimean 克里木半岛 War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England.A wounded British officer readi
15、ng The Timess report of the end of the Crimean war.In other events of the 19th century, The Times enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832 which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400 000 people to 800 000 people (still a small minority of the population). During th
16、e American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.The third John Walter (the founders grandson) succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent. From the 1850s, however, The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post
