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1、国家级本科生科技创新项目研 究 报 告项 目 名 称 汽车油门踏板误踩检测 立 项 时 间 2011 年 5 月 计划完成时间 2012 年 6 月 项 目 负 责 人 徐令仪 学 院 与 班 级 自 动 化 学 院 自 104 班 北 京 科 技 大 学 教 务 处国家级本科生科技创新项目 汽车油门踏板误踩检测I摘 要因驾驶员疲劳、紧张、技术不熟练等因素，遇到 紧急情况 时会出现错误反应，慌乱之下误将油门踏板当作制动踏板一脚踩到底的情况时有发生。将车辆油门当作刹车误踩，常带来严重后果，轻则发生碰撞事故，重则车毁人亡。如果能够检测油门踏板是否误踩，则 可以在油门踏板误踩时发出信号，以便及时采取
2、后续措施如关闭油门、启动刹车 等。因此，对汽车油门误踩进 行检测，可为保证车辆行驶安全提供基础，具有重要的意义和实际应用价值。本项目以单片机作为处理单元，以旋转编码器和限位开关作为传感器检测油门踏板状态，以车辆速度信号检测车辆加速度， 设计 了一种油门踏板误踩检测系统。利用安装于踏板轴上的旋转编码器检测油门踏板的下踩速度和踏板位置，利用下限位开关检测油门踏板是否踩到底，利用上限位开关检测油门踏板是否复位。对车辆速度信号进行采 样，利用相 邻采样时刻的速度差和采样周期计算车辆的加速度。在油门踏板的下 踩速度和到达位置超过阈值时，或者车辆的加速度超过阈值时，或者车辆严重超速时， 认为油门踏板误踩
3、。利用铝条模拟油门踏板，利用电位器分压模拟速度信号，对所设计的油门踏板误踩检测系统进行了模拟实验。模拟实验表明， 该检测系统逻辑正确， 实时性好。该系 统能够快速准确的 实现油门踏板误踩检测。关键词：油门踏板，误踩，检测，旋转编码器， 单片机国家级本科生科技创新项目 汽车油门踏板误踩检测IIAbstractDrivers maybe wrong react because of tiredness, nervousness or poor driving technique when they face emergency situations. In some cases, drivers
4、confusedly take the accelerator pedal as the brake pedal and press it to its down limit position. It is very terrible to take the accelerator pedal as the brake pedal. It may result in terrible traffic accident even disaster with life losing or vehicle heavy damage. If the mistaken press of the acce
5、lerator pedal can be detected, then a signal can be generated once the accelerator pedal is pressed by mistaken, which can be used to reduce the accelerator and start the brake. The detection of the mistaken pressing accelerator pedal can provide measures for vehicle driving security. It is very imp
6、ortant and useful in the practice of vehicle driving.In this project, a sensing system is design and developed to detect the mistaken press of the accelerator pedal. It uses a single-chip-computer as the processing unit. It employs an encoder and two limit switches as sensors to detect the state of
7、the accelerator pedal, utilizes the speed signal of the vehicle to estimate its acceleration. The pressing speed and the position of the accelerator pedal are measured with an encoder connecting with the panel axis. The down limit switch is used to indicate the down limit position of the accelerator
8、 pedal. The upper limit switch is used to represent the initial position of the accelerator pedal. The vehicles speed is sampled to compute its acceleration with the adjacent samples and interval. Once the pressing speed and position of the accelerator pedal exceed the given thresholds or the vehicl
9、es acceleration is greater than the specified threshold, or the vehicles speed is excessive high, the accelerator pedal is considered to be pressed by mistake. In laboratory experiments, an aluminium bar is used to replace the accelerator pedal, a potentiometer is used to output variable voltage in
10、order to imitate the speed signal. The imitation experiments are well conduct on the designed system. The experimental results show that the detecting system has right logic and good performance in real-time. The mistaken pressing can be quickly and correctly detected with the developed system.Keywo
11、rds: Accelerator pedal, mistaken pressing, detection, encoder, single-chip-computer国家级本科生科技创新项目 汽车油门踏板误踩检测III目 录摘要.IAbstract.II第 1 章 绪论.11.1 研究背景.11.2 研究目的.11.3 项目意义.2第 2 章 文献综述.32.1 机械式防误踩装置.32.2 电子式误踩检测.52.2.1 微动开关.52.2.2 单片机检测系统.6第 3 章 系统原理及设计 .93.1 系统原理设计.93.1.1 基本思路.93.1.2 方案设计.93.2 系统硬件设计.153.2.1 单片机选型.
