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1、Passage14By申友 Alice 老师In 1988 services moved ahead of manufacturing as the main product of the United States economy./（第一层：1988年服务业超过制造业成为美国经济的主要产物）But （结构词，引出后文对服务业定义的对比）what is meant by “services”? Some economists define a service as something that is produced and consumed simultaneously, for exam
2、ple, （举例，第一遍读文时可略读）a haircut. The broader, classical definition is that a service is an intangible something that cannot be touched or stored. /（第二层：对于服务业，一些科学家的定义和传统的定义）Yet（结构词，表转折） electric utilities can store energy, and computer programmers save information electronically.Thus（结构词，表因果关系，引出作者得出的明
3、确结论）, the classical definition is hard to sustain（负评价词）./（第三层：明确提出结论，传统定义很难实行下去）The United States governments definition is more practical（正评价词）: services are the residual category that includes everything that is not agriculture or industry. /（第一层：美国政府的定义更加实用：服务业包括除农业和工业外的所有范畴）Under this definition
4、, services include activities as diverse as engineering and driving a bus. However（结构词，表转折）, besides lacking a strong conceptual framework, this definition fails to（负评价词） recognize the distinction between service industries and service occupations.（注意 service industries 和 service occupations双方） It c
5、ategorizes workers based on their companys final product rather than（结构词，注意） on the actual work the employees perform. Thus（结构词，引出后文中的例子证明美国政府定义存在的瑕疵）, the many service workers employed by manufacturersbookkeepers or janitors, for example（插入语，第一遍读文时可略读）would fall under the industrial rather than the
6、 services category./（第二层：指出美国政府的定义仍存在缺点：无法区分服务行业和服务职业） Such ambiguities reveal the arbitrariness of this definition and suggest that, although（表让步） practical for government purposes, it does not accurately reflect （负评价词）the composition of the current United States economy./（第三层：结论，尽管对于政府而言很实用，却没有准确反
7、映出现代美国经济构成）逻辑简图：新旧观点对比型第一段第一层：1988年服务业超过制造业成为美国经济的主要产物。第二层：对于服务业，一些科学家的定义和传统的定义。第三层：明确提出结论，传统定义很难实行下去。第二段第一层：美国政府的定义更加实用：服务业包括除农业和工业外的所有范畴。第二层：指出美国政府的定义仍存在缺点：无法区分服务行业和服务职业。第三层：提出结论，尽管对于政府而言很实用，却没有准确反映出现代美国经济构成。1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（主旨题）A.discussing research data und
8、erlying several definitions（讨论研究数据，不符合原文内容，排除）B.arguing for the adoption of a particular definition（主张.，显然文章未涉及，排除）C.exploring definitions of a concept（研究分析某一概念的定义，正确）D.comparing the advantages of several definitions（比较几个定义的优点，不符合原文内容，排除）E.clarifying some ambiguous definitions（澄清和阐明一些模糊的定义，文章没有澄清或阐明
9、，排除）2.In comparing the United States governments definition of services with the classical definition, the author suggests that the classical definition is（态度题）注意是选作者对于传统定义的态度，回文定位至第一段第三层A.more pragmatic（更加实用，与文中作者态度相反，排除）B.more difficult to apply（正确，对应文中 thus，the classical definition is hard to sus
10、tain）C.less ambiguous（更加明确，不符合原文内容，排除）D.more widely used（更为广泛地使用，文章未涉及，排除）E.more arbitrary（更加武断，不符合原文内容，排除）3.The passage suggests which of the following about service workers in the United States?（细节题）回文定位至第二段第二层 the many service workers employed by manufacturers would fall under the industrial rath
11、er than the services categoryA.The number of service workers may be underestimated by the definition of services used by the government.（正确，政府定义下的服务业工人数量可能被低估。因为很多工人被分类到了 industrial 范畴）B.There were fewer service workers than agricultural workers before 1988.（1988 年前服务业工人和农业工人的数量比较，无关比较，无中生有，排除）C.The
12、 number of service workers was almost equal to the number of workers employed in manufacturing until 1988.（到 1988 年，服务业工人数量与制造业工人数量持平，文章未涉及，排除）D.Most service workers are employed in service occupations rather than in service industries.（与原文内容相反，排除）E.Most service workers are employed in occupations w
13、here they provide services that do not fall under the classical definition of services.（大多数服务业工人从事的职业不是传统定义下的服务性职业，答非所问，排除）4.The author of the passage mentions which of the following as one disadvantage of the United States governments definition of services?（细节题）注意是选美国政府定义的缺点，回文定位至第二段第二层 It categor
14、izes workers based on their companys final product rather than on the actual work the employees perform.A.It is less useful than the other definitions mentioned in the passage.（没有文中提到的其它定义有用。作者肯定了与传统定义相比，美国政府定义更加实用，与原文内容不符，排除）B.It is narrower in scope than the other definitions mentioned in the pass
15、age.（没有文中提到的其它定义覆盖范围广。作者肯定了与传统定义相比，美国政府定义范围更广，与原文内容不符，排除）C.It is based on the final product produced rather than on the type of work performed.（正确，对应文中 It categorizes workers based on their companys final product rather than on the actual work the employees perform）D.It does not recognize the divers
16、ity of occupations within the service industries.（没有承认服务行业中的职业多样性，作者肯定了与传统定义相比，美国政府定义肯定了服务职业多样性，与原文内容不符，排除）E.It misclassifies many workers who are employed in service industries.（文中提到的错误分类是 workers employed in manufacturing，而非 service industries）5.The author refers to service workers employed by manufacturers (highlight text) primarily in order to point out（推论题）A.a type of worker not covered by the United States governments system of classifying occ
