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1、 初中英语简单句的基本句型由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构，如连系动词后要接表语;大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语，有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语，还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。要想写好简单句，我们必须记住以下六种句型，它们是语言的基本模式。【句型一】主语 + 谓语(不及物动词 ) + (状语副词、名词、介词短语等 )His father cooks. 他父亲做饭。The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。He runs fas
2、t in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。The meeting begins at nine. 会议 9 点开始。They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。上述句子虽然长短不一，但都属于这一基本句型。【句型二】主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语( + 状语)He didnt like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。They de
3、cided to go hiking. 他们决定去徒步旅行。He thought about the problem for a few moments. 他把这个问题思考了一会儿。【点津】此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词，也可以是短语动词，后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末，这些状语多数是副词或介词短语，也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。【句型三】主语 + 系动词 + 表语Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。The mooncake tastes very delicious. 这种月饼尝起来很可口。T
4、he days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。【点津】此句型中的谓语动词是连系动词，如 be, seem, turn(变得), taste, feel, smell, get(变得 ) become (变得), look(看起来) 等，作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。【句型四】主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语Please give me a few apples. 请给我几个苹果。Ill show you my photos. 我将给你看我的照片。【点津】
5、此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词 to 或for 引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. = His uncle bought a birthday present for him yesterday. 昨天，他叔叔给他买了一件生日礼物。由介词 to 连接间接宾语的动词
6、常见的有：give, pass, tell, show, lend, take,teach 等;由介词 for 连接间接宾语的动词常见的有：buy, cook, get, make, choose, sing 等。【句型五】主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语We call him Tom for short. 我们简称他为汤姆。At first I found Chinese quite hard. 开始时我发现汉语相当难。Tell him not to be late tomorrow. 告诉他明天不要迟到。He made all of us laugh. 他使我们都大笑起来(fr
7、om )。The little girl often helps her mother (to) do the housework. 这个小女孩经常帮她的母亲做家务活。We found a cat lying under the chair. 我们发现有一只猫躺在那把椅子下面。The six students keep their hands behind their backs. 这 6 个学生把他们的手放在他们的背后。【点津】此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补
8、足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。1. 接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：call, make, think, name 等。2. 接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：keep, make, find, think 等。3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为以下三种情况：(1) 接带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：want, ask, wish, tell, teach 等。 (2) 接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：let, make, see, hear, watch 等。(3) 接带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的
9、动词常见的是 help。4. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：hear, see, watch, keep, find 等。5. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有：find, take, keep 等。【句型六】There be + 主语 + 状语 (介词短语)There is some meat on the plate. 盘里有些肉。Long, long ago, there lived a king. 很久以前有一个国王。There stands a school on the hill. 山上有一所学校。There are going to be two football m
10、atches this afternoon. 今天下午有两场足球比赛。There was a bike under the tree just now. 刚才树底下有辆自行车。There are some people in the hall. 大厅里有些人。There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有支钢笔和几本书。There are some apples and an orange in the basket. 在篮子里有一些苹果和一个橘子。【点津】本句型又叫 There be 句型，常用来表示“ 在某地(某时) 有某物( 某人)”，但应
11、注意与 have 的区别：have / has 作“有”讲时，表示所属关系，即 “所有，占有”，而 there be 结构表示客观上的存在，不说明所有关系。There is a new pen in Jims pencil-box. 在吉姆的铅笔盒里有一支新钢笔。(钢笔在铅笔盒里)Jim has a new pen. 吉姆有支新钢笔。(钢笔为吉姆所有)在此句型中，there 是引导词，无实义， 其主语是 be 动词之后的名词或名词短语， 且这些名词或名词短语通常用不确定的限定词(a, no, all 等) 修饰， 不用确定的限定词(the, this, that 等) 修饰。同时，此句型中的主
12、语不能是人称代词、专有名词以及被物主代词或所有格修饰的名词。如不能说：There is China in the east of the world.There are their books on the desk.There are they under the tree.注意：动词 be 在人称和数上应和其后的主语(名词 ) 保持一致， 即主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用 is，复数可数名词时用 are。若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时，be 动词应采取“ 邻近原则” ，即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。动词 be 的时态随具体情况而定。在此句型中，谓语动词有时不用 b
13、e，而用其他动词，使语言表达更生动形象，如 live, stand, lie 等。单项选择( ) 1. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( ) 2. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( ) 3. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did
14、. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( ) 4. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( ) 5. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; followC. will go; fo
15、llowed D. go; will follow. 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.She _ a delicious meal _ _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee.She _ a cup of coffee _ me.【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. _2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5.
